Sentences with phrase «atmospheric components of»

The atmospheric components of HadCM3 and HadSM3 are identical, and have resolution of 2.5 latitudinal degrees by 3.75 longitudinal degrees with 19 vertical levels.

Because of their significant complexity and the need to provide multi-century integrations, horizontal resolutions of the atmospheric components of the AOGCMs in the MMD range from 400 to 125 km.

The atmospheric components of climate models were never really designed for the study of TCs, but the fact that they can produce features with TC - like character when run at sufficiently high resolutions, gives us increased confidence in the possibility that climate models can be used to analyze climate change impacts on TCs.

Launching in 2018, one of Webb's main goals is to use spectroscopy, a method of analyzing light by separating it into distinct wavelengths which allows one to identify its chemical components (by their unique wavelength signatures) to determine the atmospheric components of alien worlds.

This work should eventually enable a regional modelling platform to be set up integrating the oceanic, biogeochemical and atmospheric components of the Peru - Chile upwelling.

This corresponds in scope (not un-coincidentally) to the atmospheric component of General Circulation Models (GCMs) coupled to (at least) a mixed - layer ocean.

For the last five years, he helped to lead the technical development team for the next generation of the atmospheric component of the Community Climate System Model Project, one of the major climate modeling activities in the United States.

This corresponds in scope (not un-coincidentally) to the atmospheric component of General Circulation Models (GCMs) coupled to (at least) a mixed - layer ocean.

Validation of the CO2 inversion product (v16r1): mean bias of the atmospheric component of this product with respect to independent aircraft measurements in the free troposphere.

Since 1998 ECMWF has been running a coupled forecasting system where the atmospheric component of the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) communicates with the wave model (WAM) through exchange of the Charnock parameter which determines the roughness of the sea surface (Janssen, 2004).

The atmospheric component of MIROC3.2 used for the ensembles has reduced resolution compared to the standard T42 resolution, of 5.6 longitudinal degree by 5.6 latitudinal degree (T21) with 20 vertical levels.

The atmospheric component of CM2.5 has similar physics as CM2.1, but uses grid box cells that are 50 Km on a side, versus approximately 200 Km in CM2.1.

That the forcings are wrong have been shown by both Sylvie Gravel (Canadian operational global NWP model) and Dave Williamson (NCAR atmospheric component of NCAR climate model).

The atmospheric component of MIROC5 used in this study has T42 (about 300 km grid) horizontal resolution, whereas the original version of MIROC5 has T85 (about 150 km grid) resolution, with 40 vertical levels.

However, while the horizontal resolution of 2.5 ° (T42) or better in the atmospheric component of many coupled models is probably adequate to resolve most important features, the typical vertical resolution of around 20 levels is probably too low, particularly in the atmospheric boundary layer and near the tropopause.

Not exact matches

In advancing these theories they disregard factors universally admitted by all scientists — that in the initial period of the «birth» of the universe, conditions of temperature, atmospheric pressure, radioactivity, and a host of other catalytic factors were totally different than those existing presently, including the fact that we don't know how single atoms or their components would bind and consolidate, which involved totally unknown processes and variables, as single atoms behave far differently than conglomerations of atoms.

Filling in all these details will make it possible to refine the accuracy of atmospheric models and help to assess such things as strategies to mitigate specific air pollution issues, from ozone to particulate matter, or to assess the sources and removal mechanisms of atmospheric components that affect Earth's climate.

He wants to know whether the tendency of emitted compounds to end up as long - lived atmospheric components is generally applicable to other compounds and how this process might coexist or compete with other processes occurring in the atmosphere.

Antarctic climate results from a complex mix of oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns, so there could also be other components affecting the amount of snow accumulation in the region, Bromwich said.

The zeolite produces mainly water and atmospheric nitrogen — the main component of air — but it needs to be fed ammonia, such as from urea.

A 2015 USDA report (Brown et al. 2015) on how climate affects agriculture delineates the sensitivities of specialty crops to many climate components (e.g., temperatures, atmospheric CO2 levels, water supply, cloud and light conditions, high winds and other extreme conditions).

In his career - long support of CESM, Rasch was formerly co-chair of the Atmospheric Model Working Group and team lead for the version five development of CESM's atmospheric component, called the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5).

In the second set of studies, environmental chemists will seek to characterize the components of thirdhand smoke, including investigating the differences between atmospheric particulate matter versus that in tobacco smoke.

... The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased by about 150 % since 1750, and it accounts for 20 % of the total radiative forcing from all of the long - lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases (these gases don't include water vapor which is by far the largest component of the greenhouse effect).

This high frequency observation was made possible by the combination of ideal atmospheric condition (dryness) of the Atacama Desert, high surface accuracy of the antenna, and proper functions of all components as an entire array system including the Band 10 receiver.

There is however a wavelength dependent component to the atmospheric turbulence, which can introduce optical path length errors when observing at a wavelength different from that of the fringe sensing camera.

«The recent study suggests that the extreme rainfall component of Hurricane Harvey was made 15 % more intense due to climate change, which is broadly in agreement with the atmospheric theory that has been developed in this area.

It sounds like a good argument until you realize that we know what the forcing components are in the atmospheric composition and we know how much forcing they provide, and we know the source of those components and how many ppm or ppt of those components exist as a result of human industrial process.

Re # 8, any changes in climate over glacial - interglacial timescales have to take into account an additional component: the biogeochemical cycling of atmospheric gases.

[Response: At the dawn of coupled modelling, errors that arose in separate developments of ocean and atmospheric models lead to significant inconsistencies between the fluxes that each component needed from the other, and the ones they were getting.

It also seems that even though the selective absorption of specific energy bands by different molecules IS the mechanism to add energy to the air, the energy absorbed by CO2 & especially Water Vapor is extremely rapidly dispersed by molecular collisions to ALL the components of the atmosphere, so that the N2 and O2 also heatup, and all the atmospheric components assume a uniform temperature (ie global warming).

The top panel shows the direct effects of the individual components, while the second panel attributes various indirect factors (associated with atmospheric chemistry, aerosol cloud interactions and albedo effects) and includes a model estimate of the «efficacy» of the forcing that depends on its spatial distribution.

I have the feeling that in raising some of those arguments here he might well become unstuck when faced with correspondents whose day job is in climatology and atmospheric physics... pretty much like an atmospheric physicist would feel, I would imagine, in commenting on the merits of something like, say, â Polyclonal antibodies raised to phycocyanins contain components specific for the red - absorbing form of phytochromeâ Planta 176, 391â 398 (not that there appears to be much to argue about there, not that I'm qualified to express an opinion on it anyway).

If so, I think we want to include tightly coupled chemical and biological processes, in that case — for example, the chemical fate of atmospheric methane over time, the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on oceanic acid - base chemistry, and the response of the biological components of the carbon cycle to increased temperatures and a changing hydrologic cycle.

It is indeed true that at current atmospheric levels, CO2 would drop to 50 % of its current value over about 100 years (or perhaps less) if no more were added, so that recycling among the various components of the system were the only process ongoing.

This slower carbon loop through the terrestrial component of the carbon cycle affects the rate of growth of atmospheric CO2 concentration and, in its shorter term expression, imposes a seasonal cycle on that trend (Chapter 3, Figure 3.2 a).

And there is, of course, some CO2, which is dissipated out to space along with other atmospheric components, although I have seen no good estimates of this.

Glaciers and snowpack, the key cryospheric components of high mountain systems, are sensitive to increases in temperature, shifting atmospheric circulation patterns, and varying amounts and forms of precipitation.

Specifically «While natural chaotic variability remains a component of mid-latitude atmospheric variability, recent loss of Arctic sea ice, with its signature on mid-latitude atmospheric circulation, may load the dice in favor of snowier conditions in large parts of northern mid-latitudes.»

Most people don't understand the details of atmospheric physics or principal components analysis, and so take many statements about «back - radiation» and «hockeysticks» on trust.

Atmospheric crude oil distillation: The refining process of separating crude oil components at atmospheric pressure by heating to temperatures of about 600 degrees to 750 degrees Fahrenheit (depending on the nature of the crude oil and desired products) and subsequent condensing of the fractions by cooling.

Though there are likely a number of factors contributing to the toxic cabin fumes, is there any reasonable doubt about the contamination posed by the constant atmospheric spraying which is the major component of global geoengineering?

The next question is will the current global cooling cause a decline in atmospheric CO2, or is the humanmade component of CO2 sufficiently large to overcome the natural variation which is apparently driven by temperature?

«Models fail to reproduce the observed annual cycle in all components of the albedo with any realism, although they broadly capture the correct proportions of surface and atmospheric contributions to the TOA albedo.»

``... it is fairly well agreed that the surface temperature will rise about 1 °C as a modest response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 if the rest of the component processes of the climate system remain independent of this response.»

[14] For instance, one critical component of unsettled science is how much warming will be generated by a given increase in atmospheric CO2 levels.

Unfortunately, there is no detailed instrument record of subsurface changes in Gulf Stream heat transport into the region over the past decades, so it's hard to say — and the atmospheric component?

In that particular case, it was shown that most of the model bias came from the atmospheric component and that the model error developed very fast (after 5 days for certain variables).

Some of the more complex models now account explicitly for the dynamics of the aerosol size distribution throughout the aerosol atmospheric lifetime and also parametrize the internal / external mixing of the various aerosol components in a more physically realistic way than in the TAR (e.g., Adams and Seinfeld, 2002; Easter et al., 2004; Stier et al., 2005).

In turn, temperature change affects atmospheric water vapor as well as the more dynamical components of equator - to - pole insolation and of temperature gradients that vary on timescales of decades to hundreds of years.