Sentences with phrase «atmospheric concentration from»

Since human emissions can be calculated in actual tonnage, simple algebra can show the relative contributions of CO2 to the atmospheric concentration from human and other sources.

The natural fluxes can be split to a reaction to the deviation of the atmospheric concentration from a value that would be in balance with the other Earth systems in absence on any other net fluxes and to the other natural fluxes that are independent of the present concentration.

We know that additional GHGs can not be the cause as there was no discernible increase in the atmospheric concentration from the the pre-industrial period.

As a result, this paper asserts that to prevent dangerous climate change the world must not only reduce its emissions but reduce existing greenhouse gas CO2 atmospheric concentrations from the current 394 ppm to 350 ppm CO2 to avoid dangerous climate change.

Not exact matches

The most detailed measurements currently available of atmospheric methane concentrations come from a sensor aboard the European Space Agency's Sentinel - 5P spacecraft, which launched in October 2017 (ref.

To see if these regulations affected bromine concentrations, atmospheric chemist Stephen Montzka of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, Colorado, and colleagues analyzed air samples taken several times each month from 10 land - based sites across the globe between 1995 and 2002.

Growth rates for concentrations of carbon dioxide have been faster in the past 10 years than over any 10 - year period since continuous atmospheric monitoring began in the 1950s, with concentrations now roughly 35 percent above preindustrial levels (which can be determined from air bubbles trapped in ice cores).

Keeping atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases below 550 ppm, let alone going back to 350 ppm or below, will not only require a massive shift in human society — from industry to diet — but also, most likely, new technologies, such as capturing CO2 directly from the air.

About half of this near - term warming represents a «commitment» to future climate change arising from the inertia of the climate system response to current atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.

Even though the information of the exact species present in the monitored area and pollen release patterns of the individual species are far from complete, Peel and his colleagues conclude that the best way to explain the three concentration patterns is to look at the succession of different grass species with different diurnal flowering patterns which dominate the atmospheric pollen loads as the season progresses.

In India, a broad increase in fertilizer use coupled with large contributions from livestock waste have resulted in the world's highest concentrations of atmospheric ammonia.

To get a global look at methane concentrations before, during, and after the plateau, the team amassed atmospheric methane concentration data from measuring stations from Canada to China to Australia, spanning a period from 1984 through 2015.

Photosynthesis — the process green plants use to convert energy from the sun that plants use to grow — from tropical forests, plays a huge role in determining global atmospheric CO2 concentration, which is closely linked the global temperature and rate of climate change.

The team used the data from charcoal in coal to propose that the development of fire systems through this interval was controlled predominantly by the elevated atmospheric oxygen concentration (p (O2)-RRB- that mass balance models predict prevailed.

During the early 2000s, environmental scientists studying methane emissions noticed something unexpected: the global concentrations of atmospheric methane (CH4)-- which had increased for decades, driven by methane emissions from fossil fuels and agriculture — inexplicably leveled off.

Tropospheric ozone — a greenhouse gas and the kind that affects the air we breathe — can increase in concentration because of atmospheric conditions, or can result from human activities.

«This relationship between Antarctica temperature and CO2 suggested that somehow the Southern Ocean was pivotal in controlling natural atmospheric CO2 concentrations,» said Dr Maxim Nikurashin from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science.

Elevated mercury emissions also coincided with previously established increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, indicating CO2 release from volcanic degassing.

To verify emissions from the San Juan and Four Corners coal - fired power plants, the Los Alamos team deployed ground - based solar spectrometers and point sensors to measure atmospheric concentrations of gases at a site close to these power plants.

[NASA's OCO - 2 Mission in Pictures (Gallery)-RSB- The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide — a heat - trapping «greenhouse gas» — has risen from 280 parts per million (ppm) before the Industrial Revolution to about 400 ppm today.

The reason may well be climate change caused by increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases — now roughly 390 parts per million, up from 280 ppm in the 1700s.

Patrick Crill, an American biogeochemist at Stockholm University, says ice core data from the past 800,000 years, covering about eight glacial and interglacial cycles, show atmospheric methane concentrations between 350 and 800 parts per billion in glacial and interglacial periods, respectively.

The work included data from a variety of sources, including national emissions inventories kept by the United Nations, global estimates of energy use and direct measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and involved dozens of authors from institutes around the world.

Within that range of atmospheric density, even higher concentrations of carbon dioxide wouldn't have been adequate to counteract the faint young sun, suggesting that methane, ethane or other strong greenhouse gases kept Earth from freezing.

«During photosynthesis plants bind atmospheric carbon, whose isotopic composition is preserved in resins over millions of years, and from this, we can infer atmospheric oxygen concentrations,» explains Ralf Tappert.

A recent trend in GCMs is to extend them to become Earth system models, that include such things as submodels for atmospheric chemistry or a carbon cycle model to better predict changes in carbon dioxide concentrations resulting from changes in emissions.

«(A) describe increased risks to natural systems and society that would result from an increase in global average temperature 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) above the pre-industrial average or an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations above 450 parts per million carbon dioxide equivalent; and

The effects of increased temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentration have been documented concerning shifts in flowering time and pollen initiation from allergenic plants, elevated production of plant - based allergens, and health effects of increased pollen concentrations and longer pollen seasons.15, 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 Additional studies have shown extreme rainfall and higher temperatures can lead to increased indoor air quality issues such as fungi and mold health concerns.27, 28,29,30

While ECS is the equilibrium global mean temperature change that eventually results from atmospheric CO2 doubling, the smaller TCR refers to the global mean temperature change that is realised at the time of CO2 doubling under an idealised scenario in which CO2 concentrations increase by 1 % yr — 1 (Cubasch et al., 2001; see also Section 8.6.2.1).

Previous recipients of the prize include the godfather of climate modelling, Syukuro Manabe, from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Norway's former Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland, and Charles Keeling from the University of California at San Diego who gave his name to the famous Keeling curve of atmospheric CO2 concentration measurements.

Since each of the infrared - absorbing atmospheric gases has its own unique absorption spectrum, the total infrared absorption capacity of the atmosphere is then due to the real - time concentration and distribution of all the gases in the atmosphere, from the surface to the stratosphere.

Variations of deuterium (δD; black), a proxy for local temperature, and the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases CO2 (red), CH4 (blue), and nitrous oxide (N2O; green) derived from air trapped within ice cores from Antarctica and from recent atmospheric measurements (Petit et al., 1999; Indermühle et al., 2000; EPICA community members, 2004; Spahni et al., 2005; Siegenthaler et al., 2005a, b).

The concentration of atmospheric CO2 has increased dramatically since the Industrial Revolution (from around 280 parts per million [ppm] in preindustrial times to 401 ppm in 2015), primarily due to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and changes in land - use.

Changes in important global atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations from year 0 to 2005 AD (ppm, ppb = parts per million and parts per billion, respectively)(Forster et al. 2007).

One would see the temperature line rising away from the SOI line if, for example, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations had a significant influence.

... The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased by about 150 % since 1750, and it accounts for 20 % of the total radiative forcing from all of the long - lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases (these gases don't include water vapor which is by far the largest component of the greenhouse effect).

The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) carbon assessment published in 2009 highlighted the disparity in methane emissions estimated by extrapolating data from wetlands, lakes, and coastal waters underlain by permafrost (32 to 112 Tg CH4 yr - 1) and estimates based on spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric methane concentrations (15 to 50 Tg CH4 yr - 1).

One recent study examining the Palaeocene — Eocene Thermal Maximum (about 55 million years ago), during which the planet warmed 5 - 9 °C, found that «At accepted values for the climate sensitivity to a doubling of the atmospheric CO2 concentration, this rise in CO2 can explain only between 1 and 3.5 °C of the warming inferred from proxy records» (Zeebe 2009).

If we continue increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations with emissions from the burning of coal, oil, and gas, the Earth will continue to get hotter.

Once global carbon dioxide emissions had been reduced to zero, some combination of atmospheric decay and carbon dioxide extraction, probably partially offset by some level of carbon dioxide re-release from the worlds oceans, might possibly reduce the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration to comply with the NAAQS.

That is the case whether you are extrapolating from paleoclimate data or from any recent temperature dataset vs atmospheric CO2 concentration measurements (eg Keeling curve).

• The methanetrack.org website has shown significant increases in atmospheric methane concentrations over Antarctica this austral winter (which I believe are due to increases in methane emissions from the Southern Ocean seafloor due to increases in the temperature of bottom water temperatures), and if this trend continues, then the Southern Hemisphere could be a significant source of additional atmospheric methane (this century).

AR4 WG1 at Table 7.1 admits they exist, but as they have NEVER been measured, of necessity reports them as a residual (from Emissions minus change in atmospheric CO2 concentration).

This implies that most CO2 is removed from the atmosphere within about 4 years, but it isn't, it is mostly just replaced by CO2 from natural sources, which doesn't change atmospheric concentrations.

If emissions did plateau, the atmospheric concentrations would continue to rise at a steady rate but with just 2 % (compound) difference from the rises of recent decades.

If the surface ocean pCO2 concentrations continue to increase in proportion with the atmospheric CO2 increase, a doubling of atmospheric CO2 from preindustrial levels will result in a 30 % decrease in carbonate ion concentration and a 60 % increase in hydrogen ion concentration.

Keeling, Piper and Heimann (1996), Global and hemispheric CO2 sinks deduced from changes in atmospheric O2 concentration, Nature, Vol 381, 218 - 221.

It is found that a radiative forcing from non-CO2 gases of approximately 0.6 W m -LRB--2) results in a near balance of CO2 emissions from the terrestrial biosphere and uptake of CO2 by the oceans, resulting in near - constant atmospheric CO2 concentrations for at least a century after emissions are eliminated.»

The response of the internal variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) to enhanced atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations has been estimated from an ensemble of climate change scenario runs.

This was a relatively stable climate (for several thousand years, 20,000 years ago), and a period where we have reasonable estimates of the radiative forcing (albedo changes from ice sheets and vegetation changes, greenhouse gas concentrations (derived from ice cores) and an increase in the atmospheric dust load) and temperature changes.