Sentences with phrase «atmospheric conditions such»

The lapse rate, strictly speaking, applies to elevation above ground level (which is strongly affected by local atmospheric conditions such as absolute humidity and the rate of change of the absolute humidity in space and time) and this should be considered when making certain kinds of comparisons.

Incoming energy, which comes primarily from the sun, is turned into various forms of absorbed energy, depending on terrain and atmospheric conditions such as clouds and aerosol particles.

Because atmospheric conditions such as wind and temperature can greatly affect particulate - matter measurements, researchers from EPIC - India and the Evidence for Policy Design initiative at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, gathered data from air - quality monitors in New Delhi and placed monitors in three adjacent cities as a control.

Since climate in a specific region is affected by the rest of Earth, atmospheric conditions such as temperature and moisture at the region's boundary are estimated by using other sources such as GCMs or reanalysis data.

Not exact matches

He started trying to figure out why crystals grow into such dramatically different shapes in different atmospheric conditions, and, well, «It just sort of snowballed, you could say.»

Because Mars» atmospheric pressure at ground level is comparable to that of Earth's atmosphere at 100,000 feet — a mere 1.4 percent of Earth's air pressure at sea level — an aircraft that can fly in such conditions will help engineers learn how to design aircraft to roam Martian skies.

«These findings add to mounting evidence suggesting that there are sweet spots or «windows of opportunity» within climate space where so - called boundary conditions, such as the level of atmospheric CO2 or the size of continental ice sheets, make abrupt change more likely to occur.

The scientists are now trying to determine whether Titan's storm resulted from atmospheric conditions or from surface activity, such as methane - spewing geysers or volcanoes.

Bryophytes are one such group of plants known to be sensitive to environmental changes, in particular to atmospheric conditions.

This empirical analysis of atmospheric pollutants, traffic congestion, consumer choice of fuel and meteorological conditions provides an important tool for studying other large cities, such as Chicago, New York, London and Beijing.

«Changes in ocean conditions that affect fish stocks, such as temperature and oxygen concentration, are strongly related to atmospheric warming and carbon emissions,» said author Thomas Frölicher, principal investigator at the Nippon Foundation - Nereus Program and senior scientist at ETH Zürich.

Scientists are reluctant to directly link climate change with extreme weather events such as storms and drought, saying these fluctuate according to atmospheric conditions, but green groups link the two in their calls for action.

The results of such models will be compared to the ever growing exoplanet database, as we work to understand what conditions are necessary to produce the observed exoplanet systems, both in terms of their orbital architectures and atmospheric compositions.

«Considering the thousand possibilities for things to go wrong when dealing with such high tech instrumentation under such harsh conditions, it's a small miracle that our instruments functioned without problems already during the first flight,» emphasizes the atmospheric physicist, Professor Stephan Borrmann.

In other research around atmospheric dynamics of tidally locked exoplanets, there could be a situation where the world has efficient «air conditioning» — hot air from one hemisphere is distributed about the planet in such a way to balance global temperatures.

His atmospheric abstractions with series titles such as White Shift, White Drift, and Passage, respond to continuously shifting light conditions and the perceptual effects of seasonal cycles and changes in the landscape.

The advantage of such partially - coupled models is that they can be driven by past atmospheric conditions and the simulations match well the observed sea ice variability, which is strongly forced by the atmosphere.

De Selby makes no attempt to explain why a «dark place» such as a cellar need be dark and does not define the atmospheric, physical or mineral conditions which must prevail uniformly in all such places if the theory is to stand.

Meanwhile, experiments aimed at helping corals adapt to changing conditions are under way, such as one that proposes shading to help some coral species recover after bleaching or disease.11 Perhaps the biggest help of all would be lowering atmospheric carbon dioxide below 2010 levels.

While the conditions in the geological past are useful indicators in suggesting climate and atmospheric conditions only vary within a a certain range (for example, that life has existed for over 3 billion years indicates that the oxygen level of the atmosphere has stayed between about 20 and 25 % throughout that time), I also think some skeptics are too quick to suggest the lack of correlation between temperature and CO2 during the last 550 million years falsifies the link between CO2 and warming (too many differences in conditions to allow any such a conclusion to be drawn — for example the Ordovician with high CO2 and an ice age didn't have any terrestrial life).

Yet, we explained there is also reasonable basis for concern that a warming world may at least temporarily increase tornado damage including the fact that oceans are now warmer, and regional ocean circulation cycles such as La Nina / El Nino patterns in the Pacific which affect upper atmospheric conditions appear to becoming more chaotic under the influence of climate change.

Initial condition uncertainty arises due to errors in the estimate of the starting conditions for the forecast, both due to limited observations of the atmosphere, and uncertainties involved in using indirect measurements, such as satellite data, to measure the state of atmospheric variables.

Type 3 dynamic downscaling takes lateral boundary conditions from a global model prediction forced by specified real world surface boundary conditions, such as for seasonal weather predictions based on observed sea surface temperatures, but the initial observed atmospheric conditions in the global model are forgotten.

«We see some trends that are linked with changes in atmospheric conditions, such as more water content in the atmosphere due to global warming,» Hoppe says.

The ensemble consists of seven members each of which uses a unique set of NCEP / NCAR atmospheric forcing fields from recent years, representing recent climate, such that ensemble member 1 uses 2005 NCEP / NCAR forcing, member 2 uses 2006 forcing..., and member 7 uses 2011 forcing... In addition, the recently available IceBridge and helicopter - based electromagnetic (HEM) ice thickness quicklook data are assimilated into the initial 12 - category sea ice thickness distribution fields in order to improve the initial conditions for the predictions.

With such a methodology, the average annual direct flood damage for three Australian drainage basins was projected to increase by a factor of four to ten under conditions of doubled atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Schreider et al., 2000).

Carrying out atmospheric measurements often entails having to consider how representative measurements taken in a single location are, and whether local conditions, such as landforms, affect observations.

Such changes may have an impact on atmospheric conditions outside the region.

The SAP 3.1 report describes complex mathematical models used to simulate the Earth's climate on some of the most powerful supercomputers, and assesses their ability to reproduce observed climate features, and their sensitivity to changes in conditions such as atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.

i.e. warmth exponentially increasing based on myriad feedback loops amplifying velocity, such as dramatic acceleration of declining albedo; increasing methane release from melting permafrost (Siberian sink holes); from dramatic increases of fauna as nature exploits an ever increasing land footprint and atmospheric conditions conducive to exponential growth?

However, it is likely that at night (when there is no incoming solar energy) or at other times when atmospheric conditions are such that there is a temperature inversion, any LWIR that has been delayed has sufficient opportunity to radiate to space there by meaning that no excess heat is «trapped» (ie., the heat in the atmosphere does not build up).

Such oscillations might also alter hurricane patterns, but the main driver of hurricanes is warm sea surface temperatures > 27C (we can all agree on that, I hope); atmospheric conditions also need to be conducive (see the above comment on this year's rip - snorting season).

They also ran atmospheric models that used observed global sea surface temperatures, Arctic sea ice conditions and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in 2010 to assess whether such factors might have contributed to the heat wave.

It's the Earth's history - how the Earth responded in the past to changes in boundary conditions, such as atmospheric composition.