Sentences with phrase «atmospheric emissions from»

ACR's objective in developing this methodology was to create an accounting framework that offers both credibility and integrity for reducing atmospheric emissions from agricultural applications.

Tom, I agree with you that the atmospheric emission from any layer ought to be isotropic leading to a 50 - 50 up / down split.

Not exact matches

This implies that risks are not too big or overarching (like resource scarcity, rising levels of atmospheric CO2, or global warming) but are more focused e.g. extreme weather, increased greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture or from energy use, or a lack of fresh water.

Using a 3D atmospheric model, the researchers separated the effect of the chemicals from those of weather and volcanic emissions, which can also destroy ozone.

Jacobson, the director of Stanford's Atmosphere / Energy Program and a senior fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment and the Precourt Institute for Energy, said almost 8.5 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide — or about 18 percent of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions - comes from biomass burning.

This image from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) shows emission from hot plasma (T ~ 80,000 - 100,000 K) in the Sun's transition region — the atmospheric layer between the surface and the outer corona.

«You might expect air quality would decline if ammonia emissions go up, but this shows it won't happen, provided the emissions from combustion go down,» said Fabien Paulot, an atmospheric chemist with Princeton University and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration who was not involved in the study.

They occur when charged space particles, typically from the sun, stream along a planet's magnetic field lines and interact with atmospheric atoms, producing not only optical light but also radio emissions.

«It's one of the clearest examples of how humans are actually changing the intensity of storm processes on Earth through the emission of particulates from combustion,» said Joel Thornton, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington in Seattle and lead author of the new study in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union.

«As the Clean Air Act and amendments have taken effect there has been a reduction in sulfur emissions from coal combustion, so that the amount of atmospheric sulfur deposited each year is only 25 percent of what it used to be.

A curious detail also shown by the study is a reduction in atmospheric pollution from lead during the last few decades, which, as Lozano concludes, «suggests that the global measures taken to reduce lead emissions, such as the use of lead - free gasoline, have helped to reduce the levels of this metal in the atmosphere.»

During the early 2000s, environmental scientists studying methane emissions noticed something unexpected: the global concentrations of atmospheric methane (CH4)-- which had increased for decades, driven by methane emissions from fossil fuels and agriculture — inexplicably leveled off.

A surprising recent rise in atmospheric methane likely stems from wetland emissions, suggesting that much more of the potent greenhouse gas will be pumped into the atmosphere as northern wetlands continue to thaw and tropical ones to warm, according to a new international study led by a University of Guelph researcher.

Among his proudest accomplishments: helping the agency develop a set of numbers called emission factors — values that enable regulators to estimate atmospheric discharges from power plants, oil refineries, chemical plants and other industrial operations.

Satellite images and atmospheric models such as these have helped Jaffe demonstrate how mercury and other emissions from China feed into a complex network of air currents that distribute pollutants across the globe.

Using published data from the circumpolar arctic, their own new field observations of Siberian permafrost and thermokarsts, radiocarbon dating, atmospheric modeling, and spatial analyses, the research team studied how thawing permafrost is affecting climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.

Elevated mercury emissions also coincided with previously established increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations, indicating CO2 release from volcanic degassing.

In the new paper, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, Höglund - Isaksson estimated global methane emissions from oil and gas systems in over 100 countries over a 32 - year period, using a variety of country - specific data ranging from reported volumes of associated gas to satellite imagery that can show flaring, as well as atmospheric measurements of ethane, a gas which is released along with methane and easier to link more directly to oil and gas activities.

To verify emissions from the San Juan and Four Corners coal - fired power plants, the Los Alamos team deployed ground - based solar spectrometers and point sensors to measure atmospheric concentrations of gases at a site close to these power plants.

«Today atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels are implicated in climate change, and carbon sequestered in forest biomass reduces carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

However, as the atmospheric CO2 rises — due to the almost exponential increase in emissions from industrial sources — the influence of solar variability on the Earth's climate will most likely decrease, and its relative contribution will be far surpassed by «greenhouse» gases.

As emissions from human activities increase atmospheric carbon dioxide, they, in turn, are modifying the chemical structure of global waters, making them more acidic.

The analysis, led by Scot Miller, a doctoral student in atmospheric science at Harvard University, points to underestimates in emissions from livestock and fossil fuel activities as the primary reason for the disparity.

Although the emission remains a mystery, it may arise from the fluorescence of atmospheric methane, a phenomenon witnessed in our own solar system.

Together, they confirm estimates from atmospheric chemists that natural tropical forests absorb about a fifth of our carbon emissions.

The work included data from a variety of sources, including national emissions inventories kept by the United Nations, global estimates of energy use and direct measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and involved dozens of authors from institutes around the world.

Based on the data, the scientists conclude that «worldwide rice production is responsible for [about] 1 percent of atmospheric methyl bromide and 4 percent of atmospheric methyl iodide» and that «methyl iodide emissions from rice paddies provide a sizable terrestrial source to the global budget.»

«The backward - enhanced plasma emission spectrum from water droplets or biological agents,» they write, «could be attractive for remotely determining the composition of atmospheric aerosol.»

The researchers say that adding this atmospheric monitoring technique to the suite of tools used to monitor climate change can help to better understand greenhouse gas emissions from specific regions and how they are changing over time.

A recent trend in GCMs is to extend them to become Earth system models, that include such things as submodels for atmospheric chemistry or a carbon cycle model to better predict changes in carbon dioxide concentrations resulting from changes in emissions.

The preliminary results of this study have been on our website since the time the flooding happened, but now we have looked not only at the rainfall, but also the influence of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on the atmospheric circulation and how this propagates from rainfall, to river flow down to the direct impact of flooded houses in the river catchment zones.

The Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP) carbon assessment published in 2009 highlighted the disparity in methane emissions estimated by extrapolating data from wetlands, lakes, and coastal waters underlain by permafrost (32 to 112 Tg CH4 yr - 1) and estimates based on spatial and temporal variability of atmospheric methane concentrations (15 to 50 Tg CH4 yr - 1).

Overall, the total amount of CH4 emissions that atmospheric scientists see from high latitudes is half of that in bottom - up estimates, and scientists are working to understand this discrepancy [Bruhwiler et al., 2014].

If we continue increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations with emissions from the burning of coal, oil, and gas, the Earth will continue to get hotter.

A large ensemble of Earth system model simulations, constrained by geological and historical observations of past climate change, demonstrates our self ‐ adjusting mitigation approach for a range of climate stabilization targets ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 °C, and generates AMP scenarios up to year 2300 for surface warming, carbon emissions, atmospheric CO2, global mean sea level, and surface ocean acidification.

Because this climate sensitivity is derived from empirical data on how Earth responded to past changes of boundary conditions, including atmospheric composition, our conclusions about limits on fossil fuel emissions can be regarded as largely independent of climate models.

The total amount of carbon that would need to be diverted from being emitted into the atmosphere is stunning: Current global atmospheric CO2 emissions total roughly 30 gigatons, or 30 billion metric tons per year.

Once global carbon dioxide emissions had been reduced to zero, some combination of atmospheric decay and carbon dioxide extraction, probably partially offset by some level of carbon dioxide re-release from the worlds oceans, might possibly reduce the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration to comply with the NAAQS.

The study shows that during drilling, as much as 34 grams of methane per second were spewing into the air from seven natural gas well pads in southwest Pennsylvania — up to 1,000 times the EPA estimate for methane emissions during drilling, Purdue atmospheric chemistry professor and study lead author Paul Shepson said in a statement.

You do see the higher direct emissions from the warm surface in the 12 - 10um and 9 - 8 um regions (the atmospheric window).

• The methanetrack.org website has shown significant increases in atmospheric methane concentrations over Antarctica this austral winter (which I believe are due to increases in methane emissions from the Southern Ocean seafloor due to increases in the temperature of bottom water temperatures), and if this trend continues, then the Southern Hemisphere could be a significant source of additional atmospheric methane (this century).

AR4 WG1 at Table 7.1 admits they exist, but as they have NEVER been measured, of necessity reports them as a residual (from Emissions minus change in atmospheric CO2 concentration).

First estimates of ESAS methane emissions indicated the current atmospheric budget, which arises from gradual diffusion and ebullition, was on par with estimates of methane emissions from the entire World Ocean (≈ 8 Tg - CH4).

Thus about 43 % of the annual FF + cement emissions of roughly 10Gt (C) increase atmospheric CO2 by about 2ppm, to which should be added an increase due to emissions from Land Use Change.

Indeed, there have already been pronouncements of failure of the Lima / Paris talks from some green groups, primarily because the talks have not and will not lead to an immediate decrease in emissions and will not prevent atmospheric temperatures from rising by more than 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), which has become an accepted, but essentially unachievable political goal.

2011) of the present atmospheric methane burden by 2100, or a 50 % increase fifty years primarily due to increase emissions from marshlands and conventional anthropogenic sources.

If emissions did plateau, the atmospheric concentrations would continue to rise at a steady rate but with just 2 % (compound) difference from the rises of recent decades.

Seeing this as a baseline, positive CO2 feedback from temperature changes, or a running out of capacity for greater uptake from CO2 accumulation, would be seen as adding more CO2 to the air in addition to anthropogenic releases, but it would have to surpass some level before it would result in a total atmospheric accumulation of CO2 greater than anthropogenic emissions (first, as a rate, and later, cummulative change).

It is found that a radiative forcing from non-CO2 gases of approximately 0.6 W m -LRB--2) results in a near balance of CO2 emissions from the terrestrial biosphere and uptake of CO2 by the oceans, resulting in near - constant atmospheric CO2 concentrations for at least a century after emissions are eliminated.»

Can you relate that to works like «Effect of CO2 line width on 15 μm atmospheric emission», B. Kivel et al. (1976), which use the emission from CO2 to explore the Troposphere temperature?