Sentences with phrase «atmospheric emissions of»

This month, thousands of people from all over the world, including many heads of state, will gather in Copenhagen to try to forge an agreement to drastically cut atmospheric emissions of an invisible, odorless gas: carbon dioxide.

Any loss of permafrost would increase atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide and methane, fuelling further warming.

The UN protocol requires every nation on earth to reduce their atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gas to 94.8 % of 1990 levels to «prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.»

Nations collectively to begin to reduce sharply global atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases and absorbing aerosols, with the goal of urgently halting their accumulation in the atmosphere and holding atmospheric levels at their lowest practicable value;

The devotees of both sides of the mainstream climate debate i.e. on the one hand those who warn against the dangers of global warming, which they attribute mainly to atmospheric emissions of carbon dioxide, and on the other those who assert that the theory of anthropogenic global warming is a fraud, resort to hysteria when they sense that their ideas are under threat.

One source of contamination of the finished products is tentatively attributed to atmospheric emissions of leaded gasoline, which is still being used in Nigeria»

Not exact matches

VW acknowledges that it installed a cheating algorithm in each car that takes in reams of data — about atmospheric pressure, how the car was being steered, how fast it was going and how far — then determines whether the vehicle is being tested by regulators or driven in the real world, applying emissions controls accordingly.

This implies that risks are not too big or overarching (like resource scarcity, rising levels of atmospheric CO2, or global warming) but are more focused e.g. extreme weather, increased greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture or from energy use, or a lack of fresh water.

However, newer research has shown that GHG emissions such as atmospheric methane have risen rapidly since 2007, according to a 2016 study published in the International Journal of Science.

Damon Matthews of Concordia University in Montreal, Canada, and his colleagues calculated national contributions to warming by weighting each type of emission according to the atmospheric lifetime of the temperature change it causes.

«These studies are a wake - up call ahead of U.N. Climate Week — we must not only zero out CO2 emissions by 2050, but also rapidly limit superpollutants like HFCs and methane, and even undertake atmospheric carbon removal,» said Bledsoe, a former Clinton White House climate adviser.

Worldwide, carbon storage has the capability to provide more than 15 percent of the emissions reductions needed to limit the rise in atmospheric CO2 to 450 parts per million by 2050, an oft - cited target associated with a roughly 50 - percent chance of keeping global warming below 2 degrees, but that would involve 3,200 projects sequestering some 150 gigatons of CO2, says Juho Lipponen, who heads the CCS unit of the International Energy Agency in Paris.

Using a 3D atmospheric model, the researchers separated the effect of the chemicals from those of weather and volcanic emissions, which can also destroy ozone.

«We now have an independent measurement of these emission sources that does not rely on what was known or thought known,» said Chris McLinden, an atmospheric scientist with Environment and Climate Change Canada in Toronto and lead author of the study published this week in Nature Geosciences.

Wasn't the 1987 United Nations Montreal Protocol — an international agreement that set limits on the emission of ozone - eating compounds like chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs — supposed to shrink Earth's life - threatening atmospheric bald spot?

Jacobson, the director of Stanford's Atmosphere / Energy Program and a senior fellow at the Woods Institute for the Environment and the Precourt Institute for Energy, said almost 8.5 billion tons of atmospheric carbon dioxide — or about 18 percent of all anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions - comes from biomass burning.

Other scientists have criticized the planetary boundaries as too generous (for example, allowing too much human appropriation of freshwater flows) or employing the wrong metric (atmospheric concentrations of CO2 rather than cumulative emissions of greenhouse gases).

«It's one of the clearest examples of how humans are actually changing the intensity of storm processes on Earth through the emission of particulates from combustion,» said Joel Thornton, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Washington in Seattle and lead author of the new study in Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of the American Geophysical Union.

Record emissions of carbon dioxide mean atmospheric concentrations have reached levels that lead to the highest temperature increases

«As the Clean Air Act and amendments have taken effect there has been a reduction in sulfur emissions from coal combustion, so that the amount of atmospheric sulfur deposited each year is only 25 percent of what it used to be.

This has led to a large decrease in sulfur emissions, and less atmospheric deposition of sulfate to agricultural fields, and consequently, declining sulfate concentrations in rivers.

Of course, the extra heat trapped by human greenhouse gas emissions is likely to play a bigger role than raindrop friction in any atmospheric changes.

Environmentalists, many of whom believe that the term «clean coal» is an oxymoron, nonetheless view the project's cancellation as yet another indication that the Bush administration lacks the commitment required to reduce the rate of growth in atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions.

«There is a danger in believing that land carbon sinks can solve the problem of atmospheric carbon emissions because this legitimises the ongoing use of fossil fuels,» Professor Mackey said.

A curious detail also shown by the study is a reduction in atmospheric pollution from lead during the last few decades, which, as Lozano concludes, «suggests that the global measures taken to reduce lead emissions, such as the use of lead - free gasoline, have helped to reduce the levels of this metal in the atmosphere.»

Saikawa, a specialist in atmospheric chemistry, is also studying levels of black carbon emissions in the outdoor environment generated by the burning of biomass fuels like yak dung.

Ronald Cohen, an atmospheric scientist at the University of California, Berkeley who was not part of the research, calls the new study «provocative,» and says it shows agricultural fertilizer contributes a significant fraction of total NOx emissions in California.

During the early 2000s, environmental scientists studying methane emissions noticed something unexpected: the global concentrations of atmospheric methane (CH4)-- which had increased for decades, driven by methane emissions from fossil fuels and agriculture — inexplicably leveled off.

What is more, because Jupiter's microwave emissions vary in wavelength based on the pressure (as well as temperature) of the atmospheric layers where they originate, observations at multiple wavelengths allow researchers to create a cross-section through the atmosphere.

A surprising recent rise in atmospheric methane likely stems from wetland emissions, suggesting that much more of the potent greenhouse gas will be pumped into the atmosphere as northern wetlands continue to thaw and tropical ones to warm, according to a new international study led by a University of Guelph researcher.

The researchers looked at a total of 34 different global climate model outputs, encompassing different degrees of atmospheric sensitivity to greenhouse gases and different levels of human emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Among his proudest accomplishments: helping the agency develop a set of numbers called emission factors — values that enable regulators to estimate atmospheric discharges from power plants, oil refineries, chemical plants and other industrial operations.

The researchers find that «ocean - driven melt is an important driver of Antarctic ice shelf retreat where warm water is in contact with shelves, but in high greenhouse - gas emissions scenarios, atmospheric warming soon overtakes the ocean as the dominant driver of Antarctic ice loss.»

Satellite images and atmospheric models such as these have helped Jaffe demonstrate how mercury and other emissions from China feed into a complex network of air currents that distribute pollutants across the globe.

Using published data from the circumpolar arctic, their own new field observations of Siberian permafrost and thermokarsts, radiocarbon dating, atmospheric modeling, and spatial analyses, the research team studied how thawing permafrost is affecting climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.

The inset map is a computer model of Asian mercury emissions across the Pacific Ocean at an altitude of 20,000 feet in April 2004, while atmospheric chemist Dan Jaffe was picking up significant mercury readings on Mount Bachelor (the highest concentrations are in red).

Non-polar glacial ice holds a wealth of information about past changes in climate, the environment and especially atmospheric composition, such as variations in temperature, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and emissions of natural aerosols or human - made pollutants... The glaciers therefore hold the memory of former climates and help to predict future environmental changes.

In the new paper, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, Höglund - Isaksson estimated global methane emissions from oil and gas systems in over 100 countries over a 32 - year period, using a variety of country - specific data ranging from reported volumes of associated gas to satellite imagery that can show flaring, as well as atmospheric measurements of ethane, a gas which is released along with methane and easier to link more directly to oil and gas activities.

To verify emissions from the San Juan and Four Corners coal - fired power plants, the Los Alamos team deployed ground - based solar spectrometers and point sensors to measure atmospheric concentrations of gases at a site close to these power plants.

Coupled with an emissions growth rate of 3.3 percent — triple the growth rate of the 1990s — the atmospheric burden is now rising by nearly two parts per million of CO2 a year, the fastest growth rate since 1850, the international team of researchers reports in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA.

However, as the atmospheric CO2 rises — due to the almost exponential increase in emissions from industrial sources — the influence of solar variability on the Earth's climate will most likely decrease, and its relative contribution will be far surpassed by «greenhouse» gases.

As emissions from human activities increase atmospheric carbon dioxide, they, in turn, are modifying the chemical structure of global waters, making them more acidic.

«The results show that the emissions... are about 1 1/2 times the EPA estimate,» said Steven Wofsy, a professor of atmospheric and environmental chemistry at Harvard and a co-author of the study.

«If we want natural gas to be the cleanest fossil fuel source, methane emissions have to be reduced,» says Gabrielle Pétron, an atmospheric scientist at NOAA and at the University of Colorado in Boulder, and first author on the study, currently in press at the Journal of Geophysical Research.

A new analysis using changes in cloud cover over the tropical Indo - Pacific Ocean showed that a weakening of a major atmospheric circulation system over the last century is due, in part, to increased greenhouse gas emissions.

The production of the gas is nearly doubling every year, says Michael Prather, atmospheric chemist at University of California, Irvine, who had predicted earlier this year that emissions would likely exceed the industry's claim that only 2 percent of the gas is released into the atmosphere.

«We find that variations in the UV emissions of red - dwarf stars have a potentially large impact on atmospheric biosignatures in simulations of Earth - like exoplanets.

Using atmospheric models to trace the acid back to the sources of the pollution such as large power stations, the aim is to pinpoint which emissions should be cleaned up.

Although the emission remains a mystery, it may arise from the fluorescence of atmospheric methane, a phenomenon witnessed in our own solar system.

Together, they confirm estimates from atmospheric chemists that natural tropical forests absorb about a fifth of our carbon emissions.