Sentences with phrase «atmospheric gases by»

The main goal of this program is to determine the global distribution of carbon dioxide and other trace atmospheric gases by sampling at various altitudes and latitudes in the Pacific Basin, counting the molecules and using the data to test mathematical models» predictions.

Astronomers detected Gliese 1132b's atmospheric gases by watching the exoplanet orbit in front of its star.

Thanks to the single - minded demonization of this natural and essential atmospheric gas by advocates of government control of energy production, the conventional wisdom about carbon dioxide is that it is a dangerous pollutant.

No chemical compound in the atmosphere has a worse reputation than CO2, thanks to the single - minded demonization of this natural and essential atmospheric gas by advocates of government control... The incredible list of supposed horrors that increasing carbon dioxide will bring the world is pure belief disguised as science.

Not exact matches

Nuclear power stations produce hardly any atmospheric pollution and provide by far the safest way to generate energy (with the possible exception of gas).

It is the depletion of atmospheric ozone that results from release of the propellant gas from aerosol spray cans, allowing white skins to accrue prestige by turning dark and darker and finally black, under the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Unlike CFCs and similar long - lived gases that are responsible for most ozone depletion, dichloromethane has a short atmospheric lifetime so has not been controlled by the Montreal Protocol.

A new study by Suzanne Baldwin, the Michael G. and Susan T. Thonis Professor of Earth Sciences, and Jayeshkumar Das, a research associate of Earth sciences, brings insight to how atmospheric noble gases, in particular argon and neon, cycle from the surface to the Earth's mantle, and back to the surface again.

Natural gas combined - cycle power plants are already heavily favored by utilities to the near exclusion of coal, said Joost de Gouw, an atmospheric scientist with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences.

Fuel suppliers whack that enormous volume down by compressing the gas to about 250 times atmospheric pressure, or 250 bar.

«Which of those is correct at this stage is unknown, but the droughts being driven by atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is in line with some of these global circulation models,» Lewis said.

Already, atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide, the leading greenhouse gas, are approaching 400 ppm, and at least the amount of warming caused by that level is likely by century's end.

Of course, the extra heat trapped by human greenhouse gas emissions is likely to play a bigger role than raindrop friction in any atmospheric changes.

Despite its smaller ash cloud, El Chichn emitted more than 40 times the volume of sulfur - rich gases produced by Mt. St. Helens, which revealed that the formation of atmospheric sulfur aerosols has a more substantial effect on global temperatures than simply the volume of ash produced during an eruption.

In one scenario, methane's rise may come in part from a drop in hydroxyl, a chemical that acts as an atmospheric detergent; in the other, the gas is emanating from tropical wetlands flooded by heavy rains in recent years.

The greenish glow in the center of Io's disk is thought to be caused by high - speed particles that batter the moon's atmospheric oxygen or sodium gas — the particles are trapped in Jupiter's powerful magnetic field.

However, atmospheric chemist James Kasting of Pennsylvania State University in University Park says most models still point to a toasty primitive Earth engulfed by thick greenhouse gases.

Using this method that has been developed by high - temperature plasma diagnostics, as shown in Image 2, we have succeeded in greatly reducing the influence of atmospheric pressure (gas), which was a problem in high - accuracy measurement of atmospheric pressure low - temperature plasma.

Years of past analyses by Earth - bound scientists of gas bubbles trapped inside Martian meteorites had already narrowed the Martian argon ratio to between 3.6 and 4.5 (that is 3.6 to 4.5 atoms of Argon - 36 to every one Argon - 38) with the supposed Martian «atmospheric» value near four.

When the researchers placed the material inside a gas chamber and cranked up the air pressure from one bar (about the atmospheric pressure at sea level) to five bars, the cube's volume increased by about 3 percent.

A surprising recent rise in atmospheric methane likely stems from wetland emissions, suggesting that much more of the potent greenhouse gas will be pumped into the atmosphere as northern wetlands continue to thaw and tropical ones to warm, according to a new international study led by a University of Guelph researcher.

Other than in previous publications, optical rogue waves in this system are clearly ruled by atmospheric turbulence in a gas cell, effectively enabling the observation of a storm in a test tube.

No one can say whether the IPK has lost weight (perhaps by the gradual escape of gases trapped inside it from the start) or if most of the prototypes have gained (possibly by accumulating atmospheric contaminants).

However, as the atmospheric CO2 rises — due to the almost exponential increase in emissions from industrial sources — the influence of solar variability on the Earth's climate will most likely decrease, and its relative contribution will be far surpassed by «greenhouse» gases.

The lead surrounding the stars — which was part of the original cloud of gas and dust from which these stars formed, not generated by reactions in the evolving stars themselves — may be dispersed within an atmospheric layer as much as 100 kilometers thick (depicted patchily in pink) that altogether weighs up to 100 billion metric tons.

«Pluto is the first planetary body we know of where the atmospheric energy budget is dominated by solid - phase haze particles instead of by gases.»

«We found that the Antarctic microbes have evolved mechanisms to live on air instead, and they can get most of the energy and carbon they need by scavenging trace atmospheric gases, including hydrogen and carbon monoxide,» she says.

Alterations in the quantity of atmospheric greenhouse gases determines the amount of solar energy retained by the planet, leading to global warming or global cooling.

This anthropogenic addition of nitrogen has reached a magnitude comparable to about half of global ocean nitrogen fixation (the natural process by which atmospheric nitrogen gas becomes a useful nutrient for organisms).

The reason may well be climate change caused by increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases — now roughly 390 parts per million, up from 280 ppm in the 1700s.

Professor Sybren said: «It can be excluded, however, that this hiatus period was solely caused by changes in atmospheric forcing, either due to volcanic eruptions, more aerosols emissions in Asia, or reduced greenhouse gas emissions.

«The atmospheric and oceanic CO2 increase is being driven by the burning of fossil fuels,» says Pieter Tans, a senior scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Earth System Research Laboratory, who leads the U.S. government effort to monitor global greenhouse gas levels.

Making roads more reflective and thereby sending more sunlight back to space helps cool the planet, offsetting some of the atmospheric warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions.

By disentangling the vegetation response to the global rise of CO2 from the atmospheric (greenhouse gas) response, they were able to quantify it and found that the vegetation actually is the dominant factor explaining future water stress.

By analyzing global water vapor and temperature satellite data for the lower atmosphere, Texas A&M University atmospheric scientist Andrew Dessler and his colleagues found that warming driven by carbon dioxide and other gases allowed the air to hold more moisture, increasing the amount of water vapor in the atmospherBy analyzing global water vapor and temperature satellite data for the lower atmosphere, Texas A&M University atmospheric scientist Andrew Dessler and his colleagues found that warming driven by carbon dioxide and other gases allowed the air to hold more moisture, increasing the amount of water vapor in the atmospherby carbon dioxide and other gases allowed the air to hold more moisture, increasing the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere.

Meanwhile, here on earth, we still have the same remaining problem of our trapped thermal atmospheric content that can not escape away from Earth's self contained system that is maintained by the greenhouse gases that surrounds the earth that is said to be increasing in content, and because it increasing in content, the thermal kinetic capacity (global warming potential of certain said gases will rise with it.)

Amplification of streamflow impacts of El Nino by increased atmospheric greenhouse gases EP Maurer, S Gibbard, PB Duffy — GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 2006

It's also sensitive to the atmospheric composition of gases, and humans have influenced that by burning fossil fuels for over a century.

This is because all biosignature gases we could possibly detect could also be produced by some odd geological or atmospheric processes — all without life.

It's correct that an extra methane molecule is something like 25 times more influential than an extra CO2 molecule, although that ratio is primarily determined by the background atmospheric concentration of either gas, and GWP typically assumes that forcing is linear in emission pulse, which is not valid for very large perturbations.

FLASH - Origins talk: «From gas - giants to rocky exo - Earths: atmospheric characterization of transiting exoplanets» by Nikolay Nikolov, postdoc, University of Exeter

These rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have led to an increase in global average temperatures of ~ 0.2 °C decade — 1, much of which has been absorbed by the oceans, whilst the oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 has led to major changes in surface ocean pH (Levitus et al., 2000, 2005; Feely et al., 2008; Hoegh - Guldberg and Bruno, 2010; Mora et al., 2013; Roemmich et al., 2015).

To derive the climate projections for this assessment, we employed 20 general circulation models to consider two scenarios of global carbon emissions: one where atmospheric greenhouse gases are stabilized by the end of the century and the other where it grows on its current path (the stabilization [RCP4.5] and business - as - usual [RCP8.5] emission scenarios, respectively).

The timing and severity of ice ages are determined by two major factors, namely the level of sunlight falling on northern land masses and the associated levels of atmospheric greenhouse gases.

... The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased by about 150 % since 1750, and it accounts for 20 % of the total radiative forcing from all of the long - lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases (these gases don't include water vapor which is by far the largest component of the greenhouse effect).

For example, changes in Earth's atmospheric composition (especially the concentrations of greenhouse gases) may alter the climate, while climate change itself can change the atmospheric composition (for example by changing the rate at which weathering removes CO2).

A 2008 study led by James Hansen found that climate sensitivity to «fast feedback processes» is 3 °C, but when accounting for longer - term feedbacks (such as ice sheet disintegration, vegetation migration, and greenhouse gas release from soils, tundra or ocean), if atmospheric CO2 remains at the doubled level, the sensitivity increases to 6 °C based on paleoclimatic (historical climate) data.

Study led by researchers from the CNRS, the University Grenoble Alpes, found out that atmospheric CO2 levels fluctuate seasonally as vegetation takes up the gas through leaves to produce biomass.

Then the scientists divided the «atmospheric» spectrum by the star's «clean» spectrum to determine the gas composition and density of the atmosphere at different altitudes, as well as temperatures.

The long - term global warming trend is predominantly a forced climate change caused by increased human - made atmospheric gases, mainly CO2 [1].