Sentences with phrase «atmospheric gases into»

The Earth, itself, recycles atmospheric gases into the deep Earth and back to the surface again, but on a much longer time scale.

Not exact matches

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

Research into such solutions appears to be warranted given the massive hole we are presently digging ourselves into as far as stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse gas levels.

Auroras happen when charged particles smash into atmospheric gases and energize them.

As atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, the greenhouse gas is absorbed into ocean water, making it more acidic.

In 1815, the Indonesian volcano Tambora propelled more ash and volcanic gases into the atmosphere than any other eruption in history and resulted in significant atmospheric cooling on a global scale, much like Krakatau a few decades later.

The takeaway is that if humanity stopped cranking out greenhouse gases immediately, sea levels would still rise for centuries before the heat dissipates through Earth's atmosphere and into space, says study co-author Susan Solomon, an atmospheric scientist at MIT.

A surprising recent rise in atmospheric methane likely stems from wetland emissions, suggesting that much more of the potent greenhouse gas will be pumped into the atmosphere as northern wetlands continue to thaw and tropical ones to warm, according to a new international study led by a University of Guelph researcher.

Plants release gases that, after atmospheric oxidation, tend to stick to aerosol particles, growing them into the larger - sized particles that reflect sunlight and also serve as the basis for cloud droplets.

The researchers looked at a total of 34 different global climate model outputs, encompassing different degrees of atmospheric sensitivity to greenhouse gases and different levels of human emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

That such a lake can even exist lends empirical support to a seemingly blue - sky proposal: Inject excess atmospheric CO2 deep into the ocean, where the high pressure would trap the gas in a liquid form.

But the technology is not just useful for so - called stranded natural gas in the developing world; in Alaska, much natural gas is simply reinjected back into the oil wells from which it came either to boost oil production or simply avoid atmospheric venting or flaring.

The production of the gas is nearly doubling every year, says Michael Prather, atmospheric chemist at University of California, Irvine, who had predicted earlier this year that emissions would likely exceed the industry's claim that only 2 percent of the gas is released into the atmosphere.

The scientists fed information about Salt Lake City's estimated CO2 emissions and local weather conditions into a model that simulated how atmospheric conditions would mix and distribute the gas.

To prevent this, the ELVOCs are directly ionized under atmospheric conditions in the gas phase, and subsequently transported as an electrically charged ELVOC - molecule into the sensor (mass spectrometer), where the detection takes place.

The relative atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases as well as aerosol and particulate content coupled with other climate information gives insight into both the importance of these as drivers of temperature as well as how these drivers might couple in either a positive or negative feedback sense (Beckman and Mahoney, 1998).

Although atmospheric oxygen soon recovered again as photosynthesis and weathering reached a new balance, at about 10 per cent of present - day levels, the oxidative weathering of sulphides on land filled the oceans with sulphate which created abundant food for a group of bacteria that filled the oceans with sewer gas (hydrogen sulphide) toxic to oxygen - loving lifeforms (delaying the development of eukaryotic plants and animals) and turned them «into stinking, stagnant waters almost entirely devoid of oxygen.»

In the absence of an external atmospheric pressure, the warming of water ice transforms it into directly into gas phase rather than liquid.

Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia3, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.

At the same time, the burning of ever - increasing quantities of coal, oil and natural gas converts some atmospheric nitrogen into oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

The study shows that during drilling, as much as 34 grams of methane per second were spewing into the air from seven natural gas well pads in southwest Pennsylvania — up to 1,000 times the EPA estimate for methane emissions during drilling, Purdue atmospheric chemistry professor and study lead author Paul Shepson said in a statement.

Now with «Midnight Special,» Wingo makes full use of that musically atmospheric gas to truly drive into The Twilight Zone.

Re # 8, any changes in climate over glacial - interglacial timescales have to take into account an additional component: the biogeochemical cycling of atmospheric gases.

Geoengineering proposals fall into at least three broad categories: 1) managing atmospheric greenhouse gases (e.g., ocean fertilization and atmospheric carbon capture and sequestration), 2) cooling the Earth by reflecting sunlight (e.g., putting reflective particles into the atmosphere, putting mirrors in space to reflect the sun's energy, increasing surface reflectivity and altering the amount or characteristics of clouds), and 3) moderating specific impacts of global warming (e.g., efforts to limit sea level rise by increasing land storage of water, protecting ice sheets or artificially enhancing mountain glaciers).

The vast majority of research in recent decades on the carbon dioxide buildup has been focused on the atmospheric impacts of the accumulating greenhouse - gas blanket even though the vast majority of the heated trapped by these gases has gone first into the seas — and the drop in seawater pH driven by CO2 has been a clear signal of substantial environmental change.

Thus, if the absorption of the infrared emission from atmospheric greenhouse gases reduces the gradient through the skin layer, the flow of heat from the ocean beneath will be reduced, leaving more of the heat introduced into the bulk of the upper oceanic layer by the absorption of sunlight to remain there to increase water temperature.

This is what the term «drawdown» refers to — the point where atmospheric greenhouse gases peak and begin to decline year - by - year as more carbon is sequestered back into the earth.

At these high altitudes, the residual atmospheric gases do in fact become sorted into strata according to molecular mass, as de Bort had earlier conjectured for the stratosphere.»

Permafrost, described in the study as «a vast and cost - free warehouse» for greenhouse gases, is thawing: as it melts, it could double the current levels of atmospheric carbon and feed back into ever - faster climate change.

Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.

This necessitates taking into account atmospheric radiative transfer so that any SST warming is driven by radiative changes (e.g., changes in greenhouse gas concentrations) and resultant changes in the surface fluxes.

To better determine the fate of the species in the face of climate change, the researchers analyzed a total of 34 different global climate models, taking into account atmospheric sensitivity to greenhouse gases and different levels of human greenhouse gas emissions.

Iron — a nutrient naturally carried into the ocean by wind — encourages plankton growth, which can absorb atmospheric CO2, a greenhouse gas.

As you go higher into the atmosphere, the temperature decreases at a rate of 9.8 ºC / km (this is called the atmospheric lapse rate), and the atmosphere becomes transparent at an altitude where the temperature is 255 K (the calculated temperature of the earth without greenhouse gases!).

At these high altitudes, the residual atmospheric gases sort into strata according to molecular mass (see turbosphere).

Traditional anthropogenic theory of currently observed global warming states that release of carbon dioxide into atmosphere (partially as a result of utilization of fossil fuels) leads to an increase in atmospheric temperature because the molecules of CO2 (and other greenhouse gases) absorb the infrared radiation from the Earth's surface.

This model took into account the different atmospheric lifetimes of different greenhouse gases and the different radiative forcings of each gas, and also considered delays in the climate system caused primarily by the thermal inertia of the ocean.

Much of this IR is at wavelengths at which other atmospheric constituents do not interact, so if CO2 is exposed to a warmer surface like the earth, it will absorb radiation that would otherwise pass through into the cold of space AND likewise if CO2 is exposed to the cool of outer space it will emit vast quantities of IR at wavelengths which other gases can not emit.

Finally, the comprehensive information on greenhouse gases, atmospheric pollutants and land - use change allow analysts to look into the contribution of different forcing categories.

The 490 ppm CO2e number — due to added atmospheric heating contributions from human - emitted gasses like methane, chlorofluorocarbons, NOx compounds, and others — is enough to catapult our current climate context into the upper Middle Miocene range.

Climate sensitivity is usually defined to mean the amount of warming that the Earth will experience if atmospheric concentrations of CO2 reach 560 ppm of CO2 equivalent, where CO2 equivalent is the metric which translates other greenhouse gases into an equivalent level of CO2.

Heiko, I think that their assumption is that most people have no clue of what the natural or anthropogenic atmospheric levels of CO2 are (note the general tone of the article) but are constantly bombarded with the idea that we are pumping tremendous amounts of a very dangerous gas into it.

It is uncertain how a given emissions path converts into atmospheric concentrations of the various radiatively active gases or aerosols.

Barnett et al. «Penetration of Human - Induced Warming into the World's Oceans» (Science, Vol 309, Issue 5732, 284 - 287, 8 July 2005) «A new study has found a «compelling agreement» between observed changes in ocean temperatures since 1960 and the changes simulated by two climate models under rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.

The sources of uncertainty are many, including the trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions in the future, their conversion into atmospheric concentrations, the range of responses of various climate models to a given radiative forcing and the method of constructing high resolution information from global climate model outputs (Pittock, 1995; see Figure 13.2).

All of the global average temperatures for the entire 20th century and on into the 21st century are readily calculated with no consideration whatsoever needed of changes to the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide or any other greenhouse gas.

Environmentalism transforms the moral imperative to help other humans into a responsibility to balance atmospheric gases.

Changes in atmospheric composition and chemistry over the past century have affected, and those projected into the future will affect, the lifetimes of many greenhouse gases and thus alter the climate forcing of anthropogenic emissions:

Ar / N2 changes report daily temperature changes, seasonal and longer term steady state levels of these two, «inert» gases as they partition into and out of the aquatic and atmospheric reservoirs.

We conclude that targets for the long - term stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse - gas concentrations aimed at preventing a dangerous human interference with the climate system should take into account this higher sensitivity of the Earth system.