Sentences with phrase «atmospheric gases such»

Today Earth is out of balance because increasing atmospheric gases such as CO2 reduce Earth's heat radiation to space, thus causing an energy imbalance, as there is less energy going out than coming in.

«[W] hether atmospheric gases such as CO2 (and H20, CH4, and others) warm the planet is not an issue where skepticism is plausible.»

Not exact matches

Keeping atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases below 550 ppm, let alone going back to 350 ppm or below, will not only require a massive shift in human society — from industry to diet — but also, most likely, new technologies, such as capturing CO2 directly from the air.

Research into such solutions appears to be warranted given the massive hole we are presently digging ourselves into as far as stabilizing atmospheric greenhouse gas levels.

While natural atmospheric variation was largely to blame, climatologists caution that rising greenhouse gas levels could exacerbate the impact of such natural climate anomalies.

The Montreal Protocol and associated agreements have led to decreases in the atmospheric abundance of gases, such as CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) and halons, once used in products such as refrigerators, spray cans, insulation foam and fire suppression.

The study shows, with 90 percent confidence, that such extreme summers in Australia are five times more likely due to an increase in greenhouse gases, said paper co-author David Karoly, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Melbourne and the Australian Research Council Center of Excellence for Climate System Science.

Because a gas giant's atmospheric pressure and magnetic field both depend on its mass, less - massive worlds such as Saturn should have dynamic weather extending more than three times deeper than Jupiter's.

Nano - sized gas sensors in mobile telephones that measure the atmospheric humidity are nothing new as such.

Non-polar glacial ice holds a wealth of information about past changes in climate, the environment and especially atmospheric composition, such as variations in temperature, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and emissions of natural aerosols or human - made pollutants... The glaciers therefore hold the memory of former climates and help to predict future environmental changes.

That such a lake can even exist lends empirical support to a seemingly blue - sky proposal: Inject excess atmospheric CO2 deep into the ocean, where the high pressure would trap the gas in a liquid form.

The researchers warn, however, that the future evolution of the AMO remains uncertain, with many factors potentially affecting how it interacts with atmospheric circulation patterns, such as Arctic sea ice loss, changes in solar radiation, volcanic eruptions and concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.

The bad news is that such record - breaking downpours, blizzards and sleet storms are likely to continue to get worse as atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations continue to rise, causing global temperatures to continue to warm and making the atmosphere more and more humid.

In a typical medical device, atmospheric pressure plasma is made from a noble gas such as helium.

Such a large temperature difference indicates that the planet's atmosphere absorbs and re-radiates starlight so quickly that the gas circling around it in the outer atmosphere cools off quickly — unlike Jupiter, which appears to have a relatively even temperature within planetary bands of atmospheric circulation.

So far, scientists identified three sets of instruments to carry: a chemistry package that would include gas chronographs and mass spectrometers to sample lakeshore environments; an atmospheric package to gather meteorological data such as temperature, wind speed and methane content; and navigation cameras and microscopes.

Previous proofs have relied on complex climate models, but this proof doesn't need such models — just careful observations of the land, ocean and atmospheric gases.»

A 2008 study led by James Hansen found that climate sensitivity to «fast feedback processes» is 3 °C, but when accounting for longer - term feedbacks (such as ice sheet disintegration, vegetation migration, and greenhouse gas release from soils, tundra or ocean), if atmospheric CO2 remains at the doubled level, the sensitivity increases to 6 °C based on paleoclimatic (historical climate) data.

Such study will require multiple year - round exploration campaigns, including drilling of sub-sea permafrost to evaluate the sediment CH4 potential and comprehensive atmospheric measurements to assess the ESAS strength as a greenhouse gas source.

We have performed such experiments for the principal greenhouse gases, clouds, and aerosols using the [Goddard Institute] climate model by systematically inserting, or taking out, each atmospheric constituent one at a time, and recording the corresponding radiative flux change.

However, albedo modification would only temporarily mask the warming effect of greenhouse gases and would not address atmospheric concentrations of CO2 or related impacts such as ocean acidification.

The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is a convenient yardstick to measure how sensitively the climate system responds to perturbations in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases such as CO2.

Their papers are littered with their own denialist «contortions» such as «oh but it will increase the atmospheric level of N2O (which is a potent greenhouse gas etc).

Human activities, such as burning coal and oil and cutting down tropical forests, have increased atmospheric concentrations of heat - trapping gases and caused the planet to warm by 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880.

It's truly mind - boggling how a change by a mere few parts per million of trace atmospheric gases can have such a huge effect on the surface temperature.

Consequently an increase in the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases from human activities such as burning fossil fuels leads to an enhanced greenhouse effect.

Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide due to massive burning of carbon - containing fossil fues: petroleum, natural gas, coal; and other causes such as changes to land use and clearing of forest;

In principle small changes — such as in trace atmospheric gases — can accumulate in chaotic systems and precipitate wildly out of proportion to the initial impetus.

Astronomical cycles, solar irradiation, accumulating atmospheric trace - gases such as CO2, have precisely zero bearing on Earth's continental dispositions.

But, again, scientists can quantify the various sources (both natural and human) of such gases and measure their contribution to atmospheric concentrations.

Appreciable changes in climate are the result of changes in the energy balance of the Earth, which requires «external» forcings, such as changes in solar output, albedo, and atmospheric greenhouse gases.

More than 31,000 scientists across the US, «including more than 9,000 PhD.s in fields such as atmospheric science, climatology, Earth science, environment and dozens of other specialties, have signed a petition rejecting «global warming,» the assumption that the human production of greenhouse gases is damaging Earth's climate.

A buffer capacity calculation should show that its impossible to acidify the ocean unless CO2 became the dominate atmospheric gas; surely someone has done such a calculation.

External processes such as the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases and variability due to volcanic eruptions are also important for driving variability in atmospheric circulation patterns.

Conversely, as atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons, and other absorbing gases continue to increase, in large part owing to human activities, surface temperatures should rise because of the capacity of such gases to trap infrared radiation.

temperature, other climatic variables, and concentrations of aerosols and trace gases; and (2) making raw and processed atmospheric measurements accessible in a form that enables a number of different groups to replicate and experiment with the processing of the more widely disseminated data sets such as the MSU tropospheric temperature record.

The second is the urgency of the need for hard - to - imagine action to dramatically reduce greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions at all scales, that is globally, nationally, and locally, but particularly in high - emitting nations such as the United States in light of the limited amount of ghgs that can be emitted by the entire world before raising atmospheric ghg concentrations to very dangerous levels and in light of the need to fairly allocate ghg emissions reductions obligations around the world.

In 1861, English physicist John Tyndall said that certain atmospheric gases, such as carbon monoxide and water vapor, warmed Earth's surface.

Our paper shows that in such circumstances where nighttime cooling is reduced systematically over time, i.e., under trends of greater atmospheric greenhouse gases or an increase in cloudiness, the resulting effect will be to increase minimum temperatures from what they would have been absent the reduced nighttime cooling.

Also, while we have good atmospheric measurements of other key greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, we have poor measurements of global water vapor, so it is not certain by how much atmospheric concentrations have risen in recent decades or centuries, though satellite measurements, combined with balloon data and some in - situ ground measurements indicate generally positive trends in global water vapor.»

I should have never been forced to know of such things as ENSO, or AMO, or mix of atmospheric CO2, much less, the absorption spectrum of trace gases.

The magnitude of the challenge entailed by the need to set a greenhouse gas atmospheric concentration target becomes evident after looking at the probability of exceeding 2 °C if CO2 equivalent targets are set at specific levels such as 450 or 550 ppm.

There is no such thing as a GHGE in the laws of chemistry because there is no effect, or it would need be consulted when calculating the temperature of a gas, or standard atmospheric air.

Yet even if appropriate measures were taken today to reduce global emissions by 80 percent by 2050, current atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and other long - lived greenhouse gases are already such that the next 50 years of climate change can not be averted.

3 Further complicating the response of the different atmospheric levels to increases in greenhouse gases are other processes such as those associated with changes in the concentration and distribution of atmospheric water vapor and clouds.

By characterizing atmospheric gas mixing ratios (volume of gas per volume of air) across the North Slope, scientists hope to improve the estimates of the volume of gases like carbon dioxide and methane being emitted from biological sources such as Alaska's permafrost layer which stores large amounts of carbon.

He deduced that the cooperation of these gases has to take the form of an optimal atmospheric transmittance window for infrared radiation, such that if the concentration of one gas, say carbon dioxide, varies and changes atmospheric transmittance, the other components, such as water vapor, will have to compensate for it by changing their concentrations.

This will allow immediate leverage of the low cost of natural gas, along with easy conversion to light oils (free of «corrosive components») generated by cyanobacterial processes (such as Joule Unlimited's), or methane from conversion of solar / electrolytic hydrogen and atmospheric CO2 when either / both of those processes become cost - competitive.

Reductions in some short - lived human - induced emissions that contribute to warming, such as black carbon (soot) and methane, could reduce some of the projected warming over the next couple of decades, because, unlike carbon dioxide, these gases and particles have relatively short atmospheric lifetimes.The amount of warming projected beyond the next few decades is directly linked to the cumulative global emissions of heat - trapping gases and particles.

Studies that model natural gas as a bridge, such as one conducted by Michael Levi of the Council on Foreign Relations, find it could help stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentrations.