Sentences with phrase «atmospheric gases which»

«It is possible that an increase in concentration of atmospheric gases which absorb the outgoing infrared radiation could result in a rise in average global temperature,» William McCollam, Jr., then president of EEI, admitted to Congress in 1989.

Not exact matches

«Which of those is correct at this stage is unknown, but the droughts being driven by atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is in line with some of these global circulation models,» Lewis said.

Researchers have a record of atmospheric carbon dioxide stretching back millions of years thanks to ice cores from Antarctica, which contain trapped gas bubbles, snapshots of ancient air.

Because life prefers lighter carbon, the isotopes suggest to some scientists that the atmospheric rise must be due to extra microbial production, and not a boost due to leaked gas from fracking operations, which has a heavier isotopic signature.

Despite its smaller ash cloud, El Chichn emitted more than 40 times the volume of sulfur - rich gases produced by Mt. St. Helens, which revealed that the formation of atmospheric sulfur aerosols has a more substantial effect on global temperatures than simply the volume of ash produced during an eruption.

The ice core data also shows that CO2 and methane levels have been remarkably stable in Antarctica — varying between 300 ppm and 180 ppm — over that entire period and that shifts in levels of these gases took at least 800 years, compared to the roughly 100 years in which humans have increased atmospheric CO2 levels to their present high.

The major source of this puzzling fractionation in this important trace gas is its dominant atmospheric removal reaction, CO + OH → CO2 + H, in which the surviving CO gains excess17O.

Using this method that has been developed by high - temperature plasma diagnostics, as shown in Image 2, we have succeeded in greatly reducing the influence of atmospheric pressure (gas), which was a problem in high - accuracy measurement of atmospheric pressure low - temperature plasma.

Coal plants are one of the largest contributors to atmospheric particulate matter and ozone — which are linked to worsened asthma and increased rates of heart attacks and premature death — as well as greenhouse gases and toxic substances, including mercury.

Sulphur particles in the stratosphere reflect sunlight and therefore act antagonistically to atmospheric greenhouse gases like CO2, which capture the heat of the sun on Earth.

According to Dr. Alexander N. Tarnovsky, the finding, which is important to atmospheric photochemistry, also establishes the direct link between chemical reactivity in the gas phase and in solution.

In the new paper, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, Höglund - Isaksson estimated global methane emissions from oil and gas systems in over 100 countries over a 32 - year period, using a variety of country - specific data ranging from reported volumes of associated gas to satellite imagery that can show flaring, as well as atmospheric measurements of ethane, a gas which is released along with methane and easier to link more directly to oil and gas activities.

The lead surrounding the stars — which was part of the original cloud of gas and dust from which these stars formed, not generated by reactions in the evolving stars themselves — may be dispersed within an atmospheric layer as much as 100 kilometers thick (depicted patchily in pink) that altogether weighs up to 100 billion metric tons.

But the technology is not just useful for so - called stranded natural gas in the developing world; in Alaska, much natural gas is simply reinjected back into the oil wells from which it came either to boost oil production or simply avoid atmospheric venting or flaring.

This anthropogenic addition of nitrogen has reached a magnitude comparable to about half of global ocean nitrogen fixation (the natural process by which atmospheric nitrogen gas becomes a useful nutrient for organisms).

Warmer atmospheric air means more water vapor, which is itself a greenhouse gas, exacerbating the problem.

Their findings have been recently published in EPJ D and are particularly relevant for the development of novel applications in medicine, health care and materials processing because they involve air at normal atmospheric pressure, which would make it cheaper than applications in inert gases or nitrogen.

In the thin, dry Martian atmosphere, the sun's ultraviolet light causes unique shifts in the proportions in which the three isotopes of oxygen occur in the different atmospheric gases.

NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System Version 5 (GEOS - 5) model simulates the atmosphere in 3 - D, which allows the research team to follow atmospheric gases from their sources on the ground through their journey to the upper atmosphere.

In fact, while methane is a atmospheric characteristic of giant gas planets like Jupiter, the only brown dwarf found to even have a trace of methane was Gliese 229 B, which orbits a reddish, M - class dwarf located about 20 light - years away from Earth.

Such a large temperature difference indicates that the planet's atmosphere absorbs and re-radiates starlight so quickly that the gas circling around it in the outer atmosphere cools off quickly — unlike Jupiter, which appears to have a relatively even temperature within planetary bands of atmospheric circulation.

Although atmospheric oxygen soon recovered again as photosynthesis and weathering reached a new balance, at about 10 per cent of present - day levels, the oxidative weathering of sulphides on land filled the oceans with sulphate which created abundant food for a group of bacteria that filled the oceans with sewer gas (hydrogen sulphide) toxic to oxygen - loving lifeforms (delaying the development of eukaryotic plants and animals) and turned them «into stinking, stagnant waters almost entirely devoid of oxygen.»

It's correct that an extra methane molecule is something like 25 times more influential than an extra CO2 molecule, although that ratio is primarily determined by the background atmospheric concentration of either gas, and GWP typically assumes that forcing is linear in emission pulse, which is not valid for very large perturbations.

Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia3, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.

These rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have led to an increase in global average temperatures of ~ 0.2 °C decade — 1, much of which has been absorbed by the oceans, whilst the oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 has led to major changes in surface ocean pH (Levitus et al., 2000, 2005; Feely et al., 2008; Hoegh - Guldberg and Bruno, 2010; Mora et al., 2013; Roemmich et al., 2015).

... The Earth's atmospheric methane concentration has increased by about 150 % since 1750, and it accounts for 20 % of the total radiative forcing from all of the long - lived and globally mixed greenhouse gases (these gases don't include water vapor which is by far the largest component of the greenhouse effect).

On February 9, The Virgin Group chairman Sir Richard Branson announced a $ 25 million prize for anyone who can demonstrate «a commercially viable design which results in the removal of anthropogenic, atmospheric greenhouse gases so as to contribute materially to the stability of Earth's climate.»

For example, changes in Earth's atmospheric composition (especially the concentrations of greenhouse gases) may alter the climate, while climate change itself can change the atmospheric composition (for example by changing the rate at which weathering removes CO2).

They studied the planet when it crossed in front of its host star to observe the star's light as it was filtered through the planet's atmosphere, which provided clues on its mix of atmospheric gases.

Indeed, impacts of Arctic warming include the melting of major Arctic glaciers and Greenland (containing the potential for up to 7 meters of sea level rise if it were to melt entirely), the thawing of carbon rich permafrost (which could add to the burden of atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions) and signs of worsening wildfires across the boreal forests of Alaska, to name a few.

A water based system doesn't achieve much, as the oceans participate in weather and climate, but aren't the primary driving forces, which are global atmospheric circulation patterns and greenhouse gases etc..

In one study, Mao and colleagues subjected a mixture of hydrogen and water to a pressure of about 220 megapascals (2,000 times atmospheric pressure) at room temperature (300 K or 80 °F), which formed a clathrate hydrate — a cage - like framework of water molecules enclosing molecules of gas.

Although carbon monoxide is a gas that can be fatal when inhaled, the meat industry insists that it is not harmful to human health when ingested via atmospheric packaging, which utilizes carbon monoxide gas to extend the shelf life and resist spoilage.

A part of the volume of the boot is reserved to the fresh air tank, with an autonomy of few minutes, which pumps the air inside, with a pressure a little higher than the atmospheric pressure, in case of irritant gas or chemical weapons attack.

The company's primary products are atmospheric gases, which are produced from air (e.g., oxygen and nitrogen) and process gases, which are produced through additional processes (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and acetylene).

If we knew ocean heat uptake as well as we know atmospheric temperature change, then we could pin down fairly well the radiative imbalance at the top of the atmosphere, which would give us a fair indication of how much warming is «in the pipeline» given current greenhouse gas concentrations.

This empirical climate sensitivity corresponds to the Charney (1979) definition of climate sensitivity, in which «fast feedback» processes are allowed to operate, but long - lived atmospheric gases, ice sheet area, land area and vegetation cover are fixed forcings.

It reiterated the principle of «common but differentiated responsibilities» — which notes the historical responsibility of industrialized («Annex I») countries for virtually all emissions leading to the increase in the global atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gasses.

So, depending on which GCM you subscribe to, and depending on the extent to which you elevate arthropogenic modification of the atmospheric gas mixture as a causitive factor of specific long term dynamics, yes, La Nina may be a proxy, of sorts, of the AGW theory assuming it is true.

The Solomon Committee report amplifies this conclusion when it confirms that we observe, in any year, only 50 % of the warming to which we have committed the planet by allowing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases to rise to the then current level.

A water based system doesn't achieve much, as the oceans participate in weather and climate, but aren't the primary driving forces, which are global atmospheric circulation patterns and greenhouse gases etc..

Re 423 Chris G — whether the effect saturates at a given density depends on the way the temperature is distributed; if the temperature from TOA downward is isothermal for a sufficient thickness, than the effect could be saturated at TOA (if starting from a large enough optical thickness per unit atmospheric mass path, a change in the density of the gas / etc that contributes optical thickness would then have little to no effect on the flux at TOA, which is what is meant by saturation.

It is logical to expect that, as atmospheric greenhouse gases increase and the world warms up, the extra energy in the atmosphere and oceans will move things around in unusual ways for which we are not prepared.

Carbon dioxide is considered a greenhouse gas, which means that it is an atmospheric gas that contributes to warming of the Earth's surface.

Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.

Their papers are littered with their own denialist «contortions» such as «oh but it will increase the atmospheric level of N2O (which is a potent greenhouse gas etc).

This is in contrast to externally forced variability in global mean surface temperature which arises due to changes in atmospheric greenhouse gasses, aerosols, solar irradiance, ect.

To better understand the human - caused CO2 claim, look at the two pie charts below, which illustrate, first, Earth's entire atmospheric composition and, second, Earth's greenhouse gas composition respectively.

Utterly wrong: the computer climate models on which predictions of rapid warming from enhanced atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration cowdungare based «run hot,» simulating two to three times the warming actually observed over relevant periods

The answer is: almost nothing for more than 10 years... The lack of any statistically significant warming for over a decade has made it more difficult for the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and its supporters to demonize the atmospheric gas CO2 which is released when fossil fuels are burned.»