Sentences with phrase «atmospheric layer from»

It's what scientists have jokingly nicknamed the mesosphere, the third atmospheric layer from Earth's surface.

To enjoy getting into those claims you would have to consider the impacts of differing rates of advection in the different ocean and atmospheric layers from the stratopause to the deep oceans.

Not exact matches

This image from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) shows emission from hot plasma (T ~ 80,000 - 100,000 K) in the Sun's transition region — the atmospheric layer between the surface and the outer corona.

Those techniques have led to everything from the development of catalysts that remove poisonous carbon monoxide from car exhaust to the understanding of how ice crystals in stratospheric clouds supercharge atmospheric chlorine's ability to destroy the planet's protective ozone layer.

The lead surrounding the stars — which was part of the original cloud of gas and dust from which these stars formed, not generated by reactions in the evolving stars themselves — may be dispersed within an atmospheric layer as much as 100 kilometers thick (depicted patchily in pink) that altogether weighs up to 100 billion metric tons.

At a symposium in Germany last week, atmospheric chemists debated for the first time whether aircraft should be banned from the stratosphere in order to protect the ozone layer.

Pollutants that gather from India and China in the lowlands around the mountains can be boosted as high as 18 kilometers, reaching the stratosphere — the atmospheric layer directly above the troposphere that contains most of Earth's ozone.

The new study, published in the June 1 issue of the Astrophysical Journal, suggests that clouds or haze layers could be preventing a substantial amount of atmospheric water from being detected by space telescopes.

«Data collected by satellites and balloon - borne instruments since 1979 indicate little if any warming of the low - to mid - troposphere — the atmospheric layer extending up to about 5 miles from the Earth's surface.

On September 18, 2008, the ESA mission released an image, animation, and illustration discussing the different atmospheric layers and respective wind speeds between the equator and from 50 to 55 degrees latitude on the planet's southern hemisphere, as measured between April 2006 and June 2007.

Contributions from the following topics (but not exclusively) are invited: • Solar irradiance and energetic particle impacts on the atmosphere • Upper atmospheric dynamical variability and coupling between atmospheric layers • Solar variations and stratosphere - troposphere coupling • Solar influence on climate variability • Solar irradiance (spectral and total irradiance) variations

Titan has a thin atmospheric layer of roughly constant temperature above the troposphere, followed by an extensive stratosphere ranging from 50 to 200 km (30 to 120 miles) in altitude, where temperatures steadily increase with altitude to a maximum of 160 to 180 K (− 172 to − 136 °F, − 113 to − 93 °C).

Layers of soft gray, charcoal, olive and golden color seem to glow from within in this rich atmospheric abstract.

From what I can tell, the game nails the unsettling tone and hauntingly atmospheric music of its inspirational source material, and the leveling system adds a nice layer of depth and nuance to the whole experience.

Akdogan often utilizes objects counter to their intended use — traditionally, colored gels for cinematic and theatrical lighting create distinct light conditions while remaining hidden from view; the artist extracts and edits the atmospheric and surface properties of these materials, often directly in the exhibition space — manipulating layers of color pigments, print, and light sources.

In «Chromatic Geometries,» her seventh solo exhibition at Arden Gallery, Mattera has decisively moved away from the layered, atmospheric approach of earlier «Silk Road» and «Vicolo» series to explore, with her customary virtuosity, the possibilities of figure - ground relationships and the illusionistic space conjured by dividing the square into two horizontal rectangles.

«Data collected by satellites and balloon - borne instruments since 1979 indicate little if any warming of the low - to mid - troposphere — the atmospheric layer extending up to about 5 miles from the Earth's surface.

The whole issue is that any level above what is often called the «effective radiating level» (say, at ~ 255 K on Earth) should start to cool as atmospheric CO2 increases, since the layers above this height are being shielded more strongly from upwelling radiation... except not quite, because convection distributes heating higher than this level, the stratosphere marks the point where convection gives out and there is high static stability.

Hypothesis A — Because the atmospheric radiation is completely absorbed in the first few microns it will cause evaporation of the surface layer, which takes away the energy from the back radiation as latent heat into the atmosphere.

I spent a few minutes Wednesday with F. Sherwood Rowland, the atmospheric chemist from the University of California, Irvine, who shared a Nobel Prize for his work revealing the threat to the ozone layer from CFC's and similar synthetic chemicals.

θ = potential temperature, which is conserved for dry adiabatic processes and is a useful vertical coordinate for examining various fluid mechanical processes (like Rossby waves) when the atmospheric lapse rate is stable (for dry convection)(which is generally true on a large scale away from the boundary layer).

Thus, if the absorption of the infrared emission from atmospheric greenhouse gases reduces the gradient through the skin layer, the flow of heat from the ocean beneath will be reduced, leaving more of the heat introduced into the bulk of the upper oceanic layer by the absorption of sunlight to remain there to increase water temperature.

Ray: «The IR flux from the warmer surface excites much of the CO2 — much more than would be excited at thermal equilibrium at the temperature of the atmospheric layer where the photon is absorbed.»

Starting with zero atmospheric LW absorption, adding any small amount cools the whole atmopshere towards a skin temperature and warms the surface — tending to produce a troposphere (the forcing at any level will be positive, and thus will be positive at the tropopause; it will increase downward toward the surface if the atmosphere were not already as cold as the skin temperature, thus resulting in atmospheric cooling toward the skin temperature; cooling within the troposphere will be balanced by convective heating from the surface at equilibrium, with that surface + troposphere layer responding to tropopause - level forcing.)

We need to be cognizant of everything from local - scale stable boundary layer micrometeorolgy and ocean unstable boundary layer turbulent processes to global oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns such as the Arctic Oscillation and the Gulf Stream's seasonal evolution.

At that time, there was also a newly perceived global atmospheric threat — the damage to the ozone layer from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other synthetic compounds — and an international solution in a treaty that banned the chemicals.

Thus any process which tends to favor the growth of organisms made from silicate, such as diatoms, over organisms made from carbonate, such as the coccolithophorids, will tend to lower the atmospheric CO2 concentration — and vice versa — even if the total organic biomass formed in the surface layer and sinking from that layer remains constant.

The graph is overlaid on an astronaut photograph of the Earth's atmospheric limb — the narrow halo of air that appears as a layered cake when viewed from the side and far away.

Gunilla Svensson's research interest ranges from atmospheric boundary - layer turbulence and clouds to the global scale circulation.

Last week, one of these unexpected disasters was suddenly revealed: a paper in Science argued that powerful thunderstorms threaten to rip a hole in the atmospheric ozone layer that protects the planet's surface from dangerous ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.

In any case; the question seems to me to be moot, since there is general agreement that CO2 and H2O and other GHG molecules DO capture LWIR from the surface or other atmospheric layers; which must increase the net energy (and Temperature) of THAT layer.

Tom, I agree with you that the atmospheric emission from any layer ought to be isotropic leading to a 50 - 50 up / down split.

A National Research Council panel was convened to examine observed trends of temperature near the surface and in the lower to midtroposphere (the atmospheric layer extending from the earth's surface up to about 8 km).

Each higher and cooler layer in turn emits thermal radiation corresponding to its temperature; and much of that also escapes directly to space around the absorption bands of the higher atmosphere layers; and so on; so that the total LWIR emission from the earth should then be a composite of roughly BB spectra but with source temepratures ranging ove the entire surface Temeprature range, as well as the range of atmospheric emitting Temperatures.

It seems to me that any layer from the surface to the highest limits of the atmosphere is radiating some roughly blackbody looking spectrum corresponding to its own Temperature; and much of that spectrum exits directly to space (assuming cloudless skies for the moment) with a spectrum corresponding to the emission temperature of that surface; but now with holes in it from absorption by GHG molecules or the atmospheric gases themselves.

None of this precludes real layers of non-isolated atmospheric gases, differentially heated on the bottom and cooled at the top, from attaining a thermal lapse rate.

2 The troposphere is the atmospheric layer where the temperature generally decreases with height, extending from the surface up to approximately 10 — 15 km, and the stratosphere is the stable layer above that extending up to approximately 50 km.

By characterizing atmospheric gas mixing ratios (volume of gas per volume of air) across the North Slope, scientists hope to improve the estimates of the volume of gases like carbon dioxide and methane being emitted from biological sources such as Alaska's permafrost layer which stores large amounts of carbon.

For us, one of the most fascinating findings of this analysis is that the atmospheric temperature profiles from the boundary layer to the middle of the stratosphere can be so well described in terms of just two or three distinct regions, each of which has an almost linear relationship between molar density and pressure.

«From his groundbreaking research that expanded understanding of the hole in the ozone layer to his work in quantifying the chemical interactions that drive climate change, Don Wuebbles has been a pioneer in atmospheric science for more than thirty years.

One of the interesting results from the model is that there can be very little thermal loss between the inner and the outer atmospheric layers.

A radar «profile» of the atmosphere from top to bottom shows a very bright, prominent layer at the altitude where falling snow and hail melt — much brighter than atmospheric layers above and below it.

In the researcher's assessment, the large uncertainty in future Arctic warming lies within the episodic bursts of energy from the Arctic Ocean to the atmosphere and how the ocean mixed layer, boundary layer structure, clouds, and the atmospheric circulation co-evolve.

Because the atmospheric radiation is completely absorbed in the first few microns it will cause evaporation of the surface layer, which takes away the energy from the back radiation as latent heat into the atmosphere.

«The basic problem of this research is to determine how to merge data from nine instruments to produce a useful time series of deep - layer atmospheric temperatures.

I thought the idea was that an increase in the atmospheric radiative forcing from above would warm the skin layer a bit, reducing the temp gradient to the water layer below, thus impeding the transport of absorbed solar energy up and back out of the ocean, and thus making it pile up to increase OHC.

Pollutants that gather from India and China in the lowlands around the mountains can be boosted as high as 18 kilometers, reaching the stratosphere — the atmospheric layer directly above the troposphere that contains most of Earth's ozone.

Model calculations suggest that almost half of the global cloud condensation nuclei in the atmospheric boundary layer may originate from the nucleation of aerosols from trace condensable vapours4, although the sensitivity of the number of cloud condensation nuclei to changes of nucleation rate may be small5, 6.

arctic-news.blogspot.com/…/charting-mankinds-expressway-to-extinctio… Aug 12, 2012 — The exponential increase in the Arctic atmospheric methane derived from the destabilization... formed above the ozone layer at 30 km to 50 km altitude (Ehret, 2010).

A substantial source of cloud condensation nuclei in the atmospheric boundary layer is thought to originate from the nucleation of trace sulphuric acid vapour.