Sentences with phrase «atmospheric measurements of»

The study's authors, led by researchers from Harvard University, used atmospheric measurements of methane — a greenhouse gas at least 25 times as powerful at trapping heat as CO2 — from aircraft and stationary towers.

Also, while we have good atmospheric measurements of other key greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, we have poor measurements of global water vapor, so it is not certain by how much atmospheric concentrations have risen in recent decades or centuries, though satellite measurements, combined with balloon data and some in - situ ground measurements indicate generally positive trends in global water vapor.»

There are few atmospheric measurements of this compound yet, «but sporadic data suggest it is a significant source of chlorine in the atmosphere,» said Hossaini.

Also, atmospheric measurements of the amounts of methane released by permafrost (a top - down approach) are far less than estimates of these amounts made using point - based field assessments and ecosystem modeling (bottom - up approaches).

In the new paper, published in the journal Environmental Research Letters, Höglund - Isaksson estimated global methane emissions from oil and gas systems in over 100 countries over a 32 - year period, using a variety of country - specific data ranging from reported volumes of associated gas to satellite imagery that can show flaring, as well as atmospheric measurements of ethane, a gas which is released along with methane and easier to link more directly to oil and gas activities.

The bet paid off: Her theoretical models of the chemistry of extrasolar planets have helped researchers make the first atmospheric measurements of a distant world.

Accurate atmospheric measurement of human - emitted greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and the chlorofluorocarbons, have been made for decades.

Not exact matches

And, of course, the early 2005 descent of the Huygens probe through Titan's atmosphere for two and a half hours captured panoramic images and measurements of atmospheric composition, transparency, winds and temperature before the probe came to rest on the moon's surface.

The most detailed measurements currently available of atmospheric methane concentrations come from a sensor aboard the European Space Agency's Sentinel - 5P spacecraft, which launched in October 2017 (ref.

In addition to the isotope concentration, the air bubbles trapped in the ice cores allow for measurement of the atmospheric concentrations of trace gases, including greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

At a Feb. 7 hearing of Juliana, et al v. United States of America, et al — a case a group of kids, young adults and environmentalists brought in 2015 against the U.S. government — Frank Volpe said he didn't know whether carbon dioxide levels had reached 400 parts per million, a measurement of atmospheric concentration.

And measurements have shown that atmospheric concentrations of those chemicals are declining.

Among them were the measurements of atmospheric ozone at the UK's Halley research station in Antarctica.

Previously, scientists had relied on these sorts of soil sample measurements primarily to study plant types and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

«We now have an independent measurement of these emission sources that does not rely on what was known or thought known,» said Chris McLinden, an atmospheric scientist with Environment and Climate Change Canada in Toronto and lead author of the study published this week in Nature Geosciences.

In 1958, Scripps Institution climatologist Charles Keeling began making precise measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations at Mauna Loa Observatory.

Moreover, these measurements were made at concentrations of sulfuric acid and dimethylamine corresponding to atmospheric levels (less than 1 molecule of sulfuric acid per 1 x 1013 molecules of air).

The researchers determined from the isotope ratio that the Taylor Glacier samples were 120,000 years old, and validated the estimate by comparing the results to well - dated ice core measurements of atmospheric methane and oxygen from that same period.

From in situ measurements made over a 20 - month period by the Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS) of the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on Curiosity at Gale Crater, we report detection of background levels of atmospheric methane of mean value 0.69 ± 0.25 ppbv at the 95 % confidence interval (CI).

The crash, blamed on a faulty launch vehicle, devastated researchers who had spent years preparing to analyse what would have been some of the first space - borne measurements of atmospheric CO2.

All this modelling work, combined with in situ measurements (oceanographic campaigns recently carried out as part of the AMOP project) help improve our understanding of the interactions between biogeochemistry, atmospheric circulation and oceanic circulation.

Atmospheric measurements, from below ground It may seem incredible that atmospheric change can be measured below ground, but seismic sensors record all types of surface movement — even delineating day from night, or weekends from weekdays when placed near cities.

And because the comb measurements can be averaged over the entire path length rather than relying on a few spot measurements, the comb method is better matched to the scale of atmospheric transport models.

Using this method that has been developed by high - temperature plasma diagnostics, as shown in Image 2, we have succeeded in greatly reducing the influence of atmospheric pressure (gas), which was a problem in high - accuracy measurement of atmospheric pressure low - temperature plasma.

«According to our long - term measurements, the atmospheric levels of PCBs at background sites in Africa are lower than in Europe, but the urban, and especially industrial, sites have the same PCB levels in Africa as they do in Europe.»

New measurements of atmospheric loss by NASA's MAVEN probe should help scientists determine how a planet with rushing water and a temperate climate a few billion years ago transformed into a cold, dry desert.

Dr. Houghton and colleagues conclude that the greater certainty in atmospheric carbon measurements has led to an increased certainty in the calculated rate of carbon uptake by land and oceans.

Scientists will be able to reconstruct the atmospheric structure by taking ratios of measurements made at different angles.

«We had to use the best telescope in the world under the best atmospheric conditions, and we had to set up the proper team — but most of all this measurement was really challenging because of the faintness of the source.»

Provided stratospheric winds cooperate, the mission is expected to last up to 24 hours during which Hurford plans to gather time measurements of Jupiter's atmospheric structure.

New measurements by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies indicate that 2012 was the ninth warmest year since 1880, and that the past decade or so has seen some of the warmest years in the last 132 years.One way to illustrate changes in global atmospheric temperatures is by looking at how far temperatures stray from «normal», or a baseline.

The OCO mission aimed to make unique and high quality measurements of the atmospheric column of carbon dioxide at high spatial resolution.

Bringing together observed and simulated measurements on ocean temperatures, atmospheric pressure, water soil and wildfire occurrences, the researchers have a powerful tool in their hands, which they are willing to test in other regions of the world: «Using the same climate model configuration, we will also study the soil water and fire risk predictability in other parts of our world, such as the Mediterranean, Australia or parts of Asia,» concludes Timmermann.

Dr. Johannes Karstensen, co-author of the study, emphasizes: «Only through long - term measurement programmes the connection between the complex oceanic and atmospheric processes can be identified.

Pétron says that more studies are needed using industry inventories and measurements of atmospheric concentrations.

Diving deeper into the complex puzzle of mass strandings, the team decided to expand their analysis and include additional oceanographic and atmospheric data sets from NASA's Earth science missions, including Terra, the Sea - viewing Wide Field - of - view Sensor — or SeaWIFS, for short — and Global Precipitation Measurement, as well as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, or GOES, mission.

The work included data from a variety of sources, including national emissions inventories kept by the United Nations, global estimates of energy use and direct measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and involved dozens of authors from institutes around the world.

Based on measurements of these taken over a full Martian year, the team concludes that about 4 billion years ago, the Red Planet's atmospheric pressure — currently less than 1 per cent of Earth's — was up to 1.5 times what Earth's is today.

To remedy this, Sundar Christopher, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Alabama at Huntsville, compared satellite data with ground measurements in well - studied areas.

On Antarctica's Ross Island, a short drive from the US McMurdo research station, high - tech radar antennas and other atmospheric instruments gaze skyward, gathering detailed measurements of West Antarctic clouds.

The team from AWI, meanwhile, will soon begin a $ 5 million project off Palau in the west Pacific, funded by the European Union, to take more measurements of atmospheric chemicals that will help it estimate OH levels better.

«Our study is the first example of how atmospheric measurements can help to check on fossil fuel CO2 emissions over an area large enough to encompass nations, provinces or states.»

«This is the only long - term data set with regular measurements of ozone - destroying compounds in the stratosphere,» says atmospheric chemist Darin Toohey of the University of California, Irvine.

Since then, the station has grown to produce twenty - six suites of atmospheric measurements.

This mission is fulfilled by operating atmospheric observatories around the world that collect massive amounts of atmospheric measurements to provide data products that help scientists study the effects and interactions of clouds and aerosols and their impact on the earth's energy balance.

Such measurements will probe the atmospheric structure and composition, providing unique information useful not just in the solar system but also in the study of Jupiter - like exoplanets, where no comparable data will be available for the foreseeable future.

The NASA Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, Ocean Ecosystem (PACE) mission, with a target launch within the next 5 years, aims to make measurements that will advance ocean and atmospheric science and facilitate interdisciplinary studies involving the interaction of the atmosphere with ocean biological systems.

The Aerosol Measurement Science Group (AMSG) coordinates ARM Facility observations of aerosols and atmospheric trace gases with user needs.

Collaborative products range from published papers that build realistic radiative transfer models from within the ocean to the top of the atmosphere to the assembly of novel databases that contain ocean and atmospheric measurements useful to develop novel algorithms.

The scientists wondered whether these clouds were a result of measurable conditions, and whether they skewed atmospheric measurements on the island.