Sentences with phrase «atmospheric measurements on»

The scientists wondered whether these clouds were a result of measurable conditions, and whether they skewed atmospheric measurements on the island.

Not exact matches

And, of course, the early 2005 descent of the Huygens probe through Titan's atmosphere for two and a half hours captured panoramic images and measurements of atmospheric composition, transparency, winds and temperature before the probe came to rest on the moon's surface.

Previously, scientists had relied on these sorts of soil sample measurements primarily to study plant types and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

«We now have an independent measurement of these emission sources that does not rely on what was known or thought known,» said Chris McLinden, an atmospheric scientist with Environment and Climate Change Canada in Toronto and lead author of the study published this week in Nature Geosciences.

From in situ measurements made over a 20 - month period by the Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS) of the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on Curiosity at Gale Crater, we report detection of background levels of atmospheric methane of mean value 0.69 ± 0.25 ppbv at the 95 % confidence interval (CI).

The crash, blamed on a faulty launch vehicle, devastated researchers who had spent years preparing to analyse what would have been some of the first space - borne measurements of atmospheric CO2.

And because the comb measurements can be averaged over the entire path length rather than relying on a few spot measurements, the comb method is better matched to the scale of atmospheric transport models.

Bringing together observed and simulated measurements on ocean temperatures, atmospheric pressure, water soil and wildfire occurrences, the researchers have a powerful tool in their hands, which they are willing to test in other regions of the world: «Using the same climate model configuration, we will also study the soil water and fire risk predictability in other parts of our world, such as the Mediterranean, Australia or parts of Asia,» concludes Timmermann.

Based on measurements of these taken over a full Martian year, the team concludes that about 4 billion years ago, the Red Planet's atmospheric pressure — currently less than 1 per cent of Earth's — was up to 1.5 times what Earth's is today.

On Antarctica's Ross Island, a short drive from the US McMurdo research station, high - tech radar antennas and other atmospheric instruments gaze skyward, gathering detailed measurements of West Antarctic clouds.

«Our study is the first example of how atmospheric measurements can help to check on fossil fuel CO2 emissions over an area large enough to encompass nations, provinces or states.»

This mission is fulfilled by operating atmospheric observatories around the world that collect massive amounts of atmospheric measurements to provide data products that help scientists study the effects and interactions of clouds and aerosols and their impact on the earth's energy balance.

PNNL is using an integrative research approach that draws on our depth and breadth of capabilities in atmospheric chemistry, climate physics, modeling, and measurement to address critical scientific questions related to the role of aerosols in the climate system.

Vision PNNL will take a leadership role in the incorporation of aerosols into climate models, through integrative research on atmospheric aerosol interactions and through development of innovative instrumentation and measurement techniques.

The ARM data will provide more detailed measurements of both aerosols and clouds to assist the research team in quantifying the impacts of aerosols on precipitation under a variety of atmospheric and pollution conditions.

The Finnish Meteorological Institute started meteorological observations on the island in 1881, and atmospheric trace gas and aerosol measurements as member of the EMEP - network in 1980.

Ongoing measurements of anthropogenic CO2, other gases and hydrographic parameters in these key marginal seas will provide information on changes in global oceanic CO2 uptake associated with the predicted increasing atmospheric CO2 and future global climate change.

The PEGASOS project will investigate the impacts of European air pollution on climate change and vice versa by combining field measurements with state of the art atmospheric and climate models.

As NOAA's Mauna Loa measurement of atmospheric methane concentrations are only currently increasing at a rate of approximately 0.25 % per year (or 12.5 % change in 50 - years); how could anyone be concerned that the change in atmospheric methane burden in 50 - years could be 300 % (as per Isaken et al (2011) case 4XCH4; which would require an additional 0.80 GtCH4 / yr of methane emissions on top of the current rate of methane emissions of 0.54 GtCH4 / yr)?

The work is an estimate of the global average based on a single - column, time - average model of the atmosphere and surface (with some approximations — e.g. the surface is not truly a perfect blackbody in the LW (long - wave) portion of the spectrum (the wavelengths dominated by terrestrial / atmospheric emission, as opposed to SW radiation, dominated by solar radiation), but it can give you a pretty good idea of things (fig 1 shows a spectrum of radiation to space); there is also some comparison to actual measurements.

The Advocates and the Opponents of global warming struggle to agree even on the reliability of the measurements of atmospheric temperatures.

The reason for scientific concern over global warming rests on basic physics — infrared absorption — and robust measurements of atmospheric gas concentrations.

Measurements of 13C / 12C on corals and sponges — whose carbonate shells reflect the ocean chemistry just as tree rings record the atmospheric chemistry — show that this decline began about the same time as in the atmosphere; that is, when human CO2 production began to accelerate in earnest.

In the materials I usually read, the question of the dominant anthropogenic contribution to atmospheric accumulation is considered well established on the basis of isotopic measurements.

Increases in the rate of anthropogenic emissions of CO2 do not keep pace with the rate of increases in atmospheric CO2, because the CO2 from anthropogenic sources are negligible enough to be on the limits of detectable measurement.

Temperature measurements retrieved from the hundreds of balloon - borne radiosonde instruments that are released each day by the various national weather services provide much more detailed information on the vertical structure of atmospheric temperature changes than is available from satellites.

The standard logbook entries made at the time contain no information about how the measurements were taken, so the cause was overlooked, says David Thompson, first author on the paper and an atmospheric scientist at Colorado State University in Fort Collins.

I haven't chosen any of the different options, because the mass balance only allows three possible options, based on the emission calculations and the atmospheric measurements:

We do not have data on human CH4, N2O and CFC emissions over the period, but we do have published measurements of the atmospheric concentration of each gas.

«We are able, for the first time, to accurately reproduce the ice - core record for the last 800,000 years — the record of atmospheric C02 based on measurements of carbon dioxide in gas bubbles in ice,» Tripati said.

«Since 1990, surface ocean pH has directly been measured or calculated at several locations, with the average recent decrease estimated as 0.0019 pH units per year at the Hawaii Ocean Time - series (HOT; close to the site of long - term atmospheric CO2 measurements at Mauna Loa)[12]; 0.0017 per year based on transects in the North Pacific [13]; 0.0012 per year at the Bermuda Atlantic Time - Series (BATS)[14] and 0.0017 per year at the European Station for Time - Series in the Ocean at the Canary Islands (ESTOC)[15].

On the other hand, theory shows that sulfuric acid / water aerosols are not stable by themselves requiring amines to stabilize and measurements with an atmospheric pressure inlet time of flight mass spectrometer showed that the intermediate aerosols did incorporate amines.

Measurements of atmospheric isotopes such as C12 / C13 can not prove anything either because CO2 ′ s residence time based on the IPCC's figures in 2007 - AR4 is 3.8 years meaning the C12 / C13 ratio can not change substantially because human CO2 is rapidly absorbed by natural sinks.

The second factor is the insulating effect of the atmosphere of which well over 90 % results from atmospheric water in the form of clouds and water vapour with the remaining 10 % due primarily from CO2 and ozone with just a slightly detectable effect from methane and a trivial effect from all the other gases named in tyhe Kyoto Accord that is so small it can't even be detected on measurements of the Earth's radiative spectrum.

The statement that only 55 % of human CO2 emissions have been removed by the biosphere / biosphere is something you'll have to prove, which is hard because as far as I'm aware human CO2 does not posses an isotopic signature that can be easily differentiated from natural sources — the arguments you often hear on Skeptical Science are measurements in changes of the C12 / C13 / C14 atmospheric mass, not individual CO2 molecules, which can be misleading.

Here, we report unique observations on atmospheric aerosol formation based on measurements at the SMEAR II station, Finland, over a solar cycle (years 1996 — 2008) that shed new light on these presumed relationships.

In addition to treating cloud transmission based only on the measurements at the local time of the TOMS observations, the results from other satellites and weather assimilation models can be used to estimate atmospheric UV irradiance transmission throughout the day.

So, as the empirical measurements which I cited for you show, at present levels of atmospheric CO2 increases to the CO2 have no significant effect on global temperature.

When we analysed the atmospheric water concentration measurements for the balloons, we found that the different slopes in Region 3 depended on how humid the air in the region was, and whether or not the balloon was travelling through any clouds or rain.

Surely after decades of satellite measurements, countless field experiments, and numerous finescale modeling studies that have repeatedly highlighted basic deficiencies in the ability of comprehensive climate models to represent processes contributing to atmospheric aerosol forcing, it is time to give up on the fantasy that somehow their output can be accepted at face value.»

To test their hypothesis, the three scientists conducted a meta - analysis that included 1705 field measurements from 21 distinct sites from which they evaluated the effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on soil water content in both dryland and non-dryland systems.

Dr. Angell's focus was on the radiosonde measurements of the atmospheric temperature above the Earth's surface but he also gave results for surface temperature.

Meteorologists, physicists, atmospheric scientists and astronomers are all going to give you a different answer which depends on their method and technique of measurement.

But let's do a real rough check, based on the HadCRUT surface temperature record, the Mauna Loa measurement of atmospheric CO2 (after 1958) and the IPCC estimated CO2 level based on the Vostok ice cores (prior to 1958):

The Eastern North Atlantic instrument field covers a variety of meteorological measurements focusing on atmospheric and boundary properties, surface and radiative fluxes, and precipitation.

In conclusion, the present atmospheric measurement network, current information on air - sea fluxes and current understanding of vertical atmospheric transport are not sufficient to allow full use of the potential of inverse modelling techniques to infer geographically detailed source - sink distributions of anthropogenic CO2.

First of all, the supposed amount of «increase» is based on an «apples vs. oranges» comparison of proxy records (ice core reconstructions) with modern atmospheric measurements, a scientific incompetence.

The weather balloon released on Friday morning from the New Orleans office of the NWS measured near all - time record levels of atmospheric moisture, higher than some measurements taken during past hurricanes.

It's true that if you discard all the data on paleo CO2 from ice cores, and you discard modern direct measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere, then you could assume the existence of a natural increase in atmospheric CO2 greater than the fossil fuel emissions.

Opening with a biographical sketch of Broecker — who, we learn, was born to an Evangelical suburban Chicago family, and initially drifted into his scientific vocation via a summer job in a radiocarbon dating lab — the book explains the currently - accepted Milankovitch theory of Ice Age glaciation; proceeds to an account of the Dr. David Keeling's measurements atmospheric CO2; continues with a summary of research work on glacial ice cores, sediments, and fossil pollen from around the world showing startlingly abrupt prehistoric climate changes; and moves on to the possible consequences of continued warming, closing with an account of the prospects of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.