For the July report, we received 14 June SIO submissions from dynamical models: 5 from ice - ocean models forced by atmospheric reanalysis or other
atmospheric model output (in green in Figure 3) and 9 from fully coupled general circulation models (in blue in Figure 3).
Nine contributions stemmed from fully - coupled dynamical models, and five from ocean - sea ice models forced by atmospheric reanalyses or
atmospheric model output.
This year we received 14 June SIO submissions from dynamical models, of which 3 were from ice - ocean models forced by atmospheric reanalysis or other
atmospheric model output and 12 were from fully - coupled general circulation models.
Not exact matches
The researchers looked at a total of 34 different global climate
model outputs, encompassing different degrees of
atmospheric sensitivity to greenhouse gases and different levels of human emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Their findings, based on
output from four global climate
models of varying ocean and
atmospheric resolution, indicate that ocean temperature in the U.S. Northeast Shelf is projected to warm twice as fast as previously projected and almost three times faster than the global average.
Results: Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory — in collaboration with NERSC, Argonne National Laboratory, and Cray — recently achieved an effective aggregate IO bandwidth of 5 Gigabytes / sec for writing
output from a global
atmospheric model to shared files on DOE's «Franklin,» a 39,000 - processor Cray XT4 supercomputer located at NERSC.
The Mk10
model will flaunt reduced CO2
output and increased bhp per litre as new 1.5 - and 1 - litre turbo units replace the current car's (pictured)
atmospheric 1.4 - and 1.8 - litre engines.
In other words, the fundamental reason scientists think
atmospheric CO2 strongly affects the global temperature is not climate
model output — it's just * basic radiative physics *!
A representative (i.e., «middle - of - the - road»)
atmospheric CO2 concentration curve is then extracted from the Carbon Cycle
model output, and fed into the climate
models (AOGCMs) the IPCC uses to project possible future climate states.
The DICE
model attempts to quantify how the
atmospheric concentration of CO2 negatively affects economic
output through its impact on global average surface temperature.
A listing of the spatial and temporal resolution of the
atmospheric reanalysis datasets is given at https://reanalyses.org/atmosphere/comparison-table see the
Model Output Resolution column and Publicly Available Dataset Resolution column.
The underlying integrated assessment
model outputs for land use,
atmospheric emissions and concentration data were harmonized across
models and scenarios to ensure consistency with historical observations while preserving individual scenario trends.
A point that should be made is that of the 102 +
models that are available for use, all are based in one way or another on the exact same
atmospheric physics yet they produce vastly different
outputs.
Surely after decades of satellite measurements, countless field experiments, and numerous finescale
modeling studies that have repeatedly highlighted basic deficiencies in the ability of comprehensive climate
models to represent processes contributing to
atmospheric aerosol forcing, it is time to give up on the fantasy that somehow their
output can be accepted at face value.»
The sources of uncertainty are many, including the trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions in the future, their conversion into
atmospheric concentrations, the range of responses of various climate
models to a given radiative forcing and the method of constructing high resolution information from global climate
model outputs (Pittock, 1995; see Figure 13.2).
Data assimilation systems, which combine information from observations and
output from
atmospheric models, also are being used to augment traditional observations and, in some instances, to take the place of data where no observations are available.
The second paper, by Hagos et al. (2016) in Geophysical Research Letters uses
output from a global climate
model to examine changes to
atmospheric river events over western North America, assuming large, business - as - usual anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.