Sentences with phrase «atmospheric models which»

This contradicts a fundamental assumption of the current atmospheric models which assume the atmosphere is only in local thermodynamic equilibrium.

So it was an atmospheric model which provided some of the first insight into the «chaos effect», thus teaching us something quite profound about nature

Not exact matches

Using a 3D atmospheric model, the researchers separated the effect of the chemicals from those of weather and volcanic emissions, which can also destroy ozone.

The BER program contains two main components, biological systems sciences, which fund research such as genomics and advanced biofuel, and earth and environmental systems sciences (EESE), which funds research such as atmospheric monitoring and modeling.

Mission leaders were relieved and eager to begin their studies of cloud and haze effects, which «constitute the largest uncertainties in our models of future climate — that's no exaggeration,» says Jens Redemann, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, and the principal investigator for ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their IntEractionS (ORACLES).

To determine whether declining pollutants deserve credit for the recovery, the researchers used a 3D atmospheric model to separate the effects of the chemicals from those of weather, which can affect ozone loss through winds and temperature, and volcanic eruptions, which deplete ozone by pumping sulfate particles into the upper atmosphere.

«Which of those is correct at this stage is unknown, but the droughts being driven by atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations is in line with some of these global circulation models,» Lewis said.

The global climate models assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which are used to project global and regional climate change, are coarse resolution models based on a roughly 100 - kilometer or 62 - mile grid, to simulate ocean and atmospheric dynamics.

Bringing together observed and simulated measurements on ocean temperatures, atmospheric pressure, water soil and wildfire occurrences, the researchers have a powerful tool in their hands, which they are willing to test in other regions of the world: «Using the same climate model configuration, we will also study the soil water and fire risk predictability in other parts of our world, such as the Mediterranean, Australia or parts of Asia,» concludes Timmermann.

Other studies which have assessed the importance of the Montreal Protocol have used models to predict atmospheric winds and temperatures and have looked a few decades into the future.

Those data, to be collected this year and next, could improve climate models, which account poorly for these atmospheric interactions and contain «horrific» uncertainties about the levels and behaviour of water vapour at stratospheric altitudes, Austin says.

The GRIP ice core is a unique archive of past climate and atmospheric chemistry which will improve climate models.

Using atmospheric models to trace the acid back to the sources of the pollution such as large power stations, the aim is to pinpoint which emissions should be cleaned up.

Climate models show the absence of a global atmospheric circulation pattern which bolsters high ocean temperatures key to coral bleaching

The model is supported by observations from satellites, ground - based networks that measure ozone - depleting chemicals in the real world, and by observations from two decades of NASA aircraft field campaigns, including the most recent Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) in 2013 and the Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) global atmospheric survey, which has made three deployments since 2016.

NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System Version 5 (GEOS - 5) model simulates the atmosphere in 3 - D, which allows the research team to follow atmospheric gases from their sources on the ground through their journey to the upper atmosphere.

Scientists use data from the SGP to learn about cloud, aerosol, and atmospheric processes, which in turn leads to improvements in models of the Earth's climate.

These data are used in large - eddy simulation (LES) models, which simulate atmospheric air currents and cloud processes, to provide context and a self - consistent representation of the atmosphere surrounding the SGP.

Such models could help environmental planners cultivate microbial mixes that achieve a desired end — which could be soil that locks up gigatons of atmospheric carbon, or that sloughs off pollution with ease, or that yields the kinds of grapes vintners dream about.

Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia3, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.

The observations are best described by atmospheric models for which most of the incident energy is re-radiated away from the day side.

I developed and host a web interface to the modtran model of atmospheric infrared radiation, an early example of a line - by - line code which I downloaded and use to teach and as part of a textbook.

This year we received 14 June SIO submissions from dynamical models, of which 3 were from ice - ocean models forced by atmospheric reanalysis or other atmospheric model output and 12 were from fully - coupled general circulation models.

The real «equilibrium climate sensitivity,» which is the amount of global warming to be expected for a doubling of atmospheric CO2, is likely to be about 1 °C, some three times smaller than most models assumed.

Earth system models integrate atmospheric, oceanic, chemical, and biological processes, many of which are too complex or occur at scales too small to simulate directly (e.g., formation of individual clouds).

The paper describes and evaluates CAM5, the advanced aerosol module for the Community Earth System Model, which provides a clearer picture of these atmospheric particles.

Insect outbreaks such as this represent an important mechanism by which climate change may undermine the ability of northern forests to take up and store atmospheric carbon, and such impacts should be accounted for in large - scale modelling analyses.

In the same paper in which he made his often - quoted «prediction» that doubling the atmospheric concentration of CO 2 would lead to an increase of 10 °C in surface mean temperature, F. Möller makes an almost never quoted disclaimer to the effect that a 1 percent increase in general cloudiness in the same model would completely mask this effect.

Our estimate is based primarily on our review of a series of calculations with three - dimensional models of the global atmospheric circulation, which is summarized in Chapter 4.

Both of these issues relate to microphysical effects and atmospheric chemistry — neither of which are accounted for in simple models.

The advantage of such partially - coupled models is that they can be driven by past atmospheric conditions and the simulations match well the observed sea ice variability, which is strongly forced by the atmosphere.

On global vs. local, how about the global model prediction of a deepening and widening of the tropical atmospheric circulation, which leads to the Hadley cell expansion and the projection of the dry zones expanding polewards.

Most past modeling experiments that investigated the atmospheric response to Arctic change only considered the loss of sea ice, which of course misses much of the effect of Arctic amplification.

On that topic, I question the precision of the model's parameters on the grounds that the scenarios to which the model is tuned are not persistent, reliable, indicative features of the atmospheric / oceanic circulation.

Chaos is defined with respect to infinitesimal perturbations and infinite integration times, but our uncertainties in the current atmospheric state are far too large to be treated as infinitesimal, and furthermore, all of our models have errors which mean that they will inevitably fail to track reality within a few days irrespective of how well they are initialised.

At longer (decadal) time scales, the models still show very similar results (which makes sense since we anticipate that the tropical atmospheric physics involved in the trend should be similar to the physics involved at the monthly and interannual timescales).

OLR increases in the optically thinner bands would lead to atmospheric warming in general, but this has to be accompanied by OLR decreases somewhere, such as in optically thicker bands (and always in the band where optical thickness was added, assuming positive lapse rates everywhere as is the case in a 1 - dimensional equilibrium model with zero solar heating above the tropopause, or at least not too much solar heating in some distributions), which will tend to cause cooling of upper levels.

So the ice ocean physics model can be considered a black box into which you put the atmospheric factors, the box then spits out the response of the ice and ocean to the atmosphere.

When GCMs are used to model atmospheric conditions and spatial grid size is reduced is there a scale at which chaotic conditions prevail and make modeling difficult in the same way that weather is harder to model than climate?

Given that the answer to this for atmospheric models is a resounding «NO» (particularly because of sub-grid scale processes which need to be effectively pre-ordained through parameterizations), and given that oceanic circulations have much longer adjustment time scales, yet also have much more intense small scale (gyre) circulations than the atmosphere, my instinct is that we are not even close to being able to trust ocean models without long term validation data.

As a youth I participated in many of my father's experiments, observing first - hand the benefits of atmospheric CO2 on plant life and the manifold problems with the model - based theory of climate change, all of which events occurred long, long before James Hansen stood in front of the U.S. Senate and brought the CO2 debate to the eyes of the public in 1988.

This crudely predicted atmospheric fraction is comparable to the model atmospheric fraction after 1000 years, which ranges from 14 - 30 %, depending on the size of the fossil fuel release.

In doing so I provide a new conceptual overview of Earth's climate mechanism which appears to fit all observed changes in atmospheric temperature trends and, in view of the failure of existing climate models, I suggests a path forward for further research.

And, the IPCC projection is probably too high because it was driven by a collection of climate models which new science indicates produce too much warming given a rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

When the reseachers at the Center for International Climate and Environmental Research — Oslo (CICERO) applied their computer «model and statistics to analyse temperature readings from the air and ocean for the period ending in 2000, they found that climate sensitivity to a doubling of atmospheric CO2 concentration will most likely be 3.7 °C, which is somewhat higher than the IPCC prognosis.»

Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.

(Becaused of delayed ocean and atmospheric effects 2016 is set to break the upcoming 2015 temperature record, even if the El Niño would disappear in spring — which is an unknown, beyond the reach of climate models.)

Utterly wrong: the computer climate models on which predictions of rapid warming from enhanced atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration cowdungare based «run hot,» simulating two to three times the warming actually observed over relevant periods

In their model, the researchers were able to tease out the impacts of one factor at a time, which allowed them to investigate and quantify the monsoon response to the doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide, increased temperatures and other individual changes.

Since 1998 ECMWF has been running a coupled forecasting system where the atmospheric component of the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) communicates with the wave model (WAM) through exchange of the Charnock parameter which determines the roughness of the sea surface (Janssen, 2004).