Sentences with phrase «atmospheric observations for»

The Atmospheric Observation Panel for Climate (AOPC) was established by the GCOS Steering Committee in recognition of the need for specific scientific and technical input concerning atmospheric observations for climate.

It was established in recognition of the need for specific scientific and technical input concerning atmospheric observations for climate.

Kathryn McKain, Steven C. Wofsy, Thomas Nehrkorn, Janusz Eluszkiewicz, James R. Ehleringer, and Britton B. Stephens (2012) Assessment of ground - based atmospheric observations for verification of greenhouse gas emissions from an urban region.

Not exact matches

Mission leaders were relieved and eager to begin their studies of cloud and haze effects, which «constitute the largest uncertainties in our models of future climate — that's no exaggeration,» says Jens Redemann, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, and the principal investigator for ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their IntEractionS (ORACLES).

This discovery, and other observations made by the Penn State team, provide insight into the complexity of weather and atmospheric composition on exoplanets, and may someday be useful for gauging the habitability of Earth - size planets.

The UM Rosenstiel School researchers used historical observations of cloud cover as a proxy for wind velocity in climate models to analyze the Walker circulation, the atmospheric air flow and heat distribution in the tropic Pacific region that affects patterns of tropical rainfall.

The science White Paper, released in May, announced that funding for Earth observation and atmospheric science would be transferred from the SERC to the Natural Environment Research Council.

The ARM Facility has provided the world's atmospheric scientists with continuous observations of cloud and aerosol properties and their impacts on the Earth's energy balance for more than 20 years.

In combinations with numerical simulations, these observations can help constrain the properties of the waves, as well as the background states for wave propagation, for instance, the atmospheric stratification.

Eclipse observations, where Jupiter eclipses Io for a few hours approximately every two days, also offer another way of testing atmospheric support.

This site provides the exceptionally dry atmospheric conditions necessary for astronomical observations at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths (wavelengths between the radio and far - infrared spectral regions).

We argue that KELT - 18b's high temperature and low surface gravity, which yield an estimated ~ 600 km atmospheric scale height, combined with its hot, bright host make it an excellent candidate for observations aimed at atmospheric characterization.

The observations are best described by atmospheric models for which most of the incident energy is re-radiated away from the day side.

Therefore, what Hansen's models and the real - world observations tell us is that climate sensitivity is about 40 % below 4.2 °C, or once again, right around 3 °C for a doubling of atmospheric CO2.

Many of the planets discovered by EDEN around nearby stars will be suitable for in - depth atmospheric characterization, mass, radius, and bulk density measurements through follow - up observations with large ground - and space - based telescopes, such as NASA's James Webb Space Telescope.

A large ensemble of Earth system model simulations, constrained by geological and historical observations of past climate change, demonstrates our self ‐ adjusting mitigation approach for a range of climate stabilization targets ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 °C, and generates AMP scenarios up to year 2300 for surface warming, carbon emissions, atmospheric CO2, global mean sea level, and surface ocean acidification.

The ARM Aerosol Measurement Science Group (AMSG) coordinates ARM Climate Research Facility observations of aerosols and atmospheric trace gases with user needs to ensure advanced, well - characterized observational measurements and data products — at the spatial and temporal scales necessary — for improving climate science and model forecasts.

For the first time, simultaneous global observations of the ERB and a multitude of cloud, aerosol, and surface properties and atmospheric state data are available with a high degree of precision.»

These are the best products for making such estimates because they rely on atmospheric dynamics calculations, strongly constrained by all the observations, both on and off the Antarctic continent.

The combination of observation - based estimates... with NCAR CSM1.4 - carbon model projection indicates that 10 % of the surface water along the investigated Arctic transect will become undersaturated for at least one month of the year when atmospheric CO2 exceeds 409 ppm.

... The National Weather Service (NWS) makes observations and measurements of atmospheric phenomena as required for climatological, hydrologic, meteorological, and oceanographic services.

The constraining of the atmospheric model affect the predictions where there are no observations because most of the weather elements — except for precipitation — do not change abruptly over short distance (mathematically, we say that they are described by «spatially smooth and slowly changing functions»).

But Miskolczi was able to show, using NOAA database of weather balloon observations that goes back to 1948, that atmospheric absorption IR radiation has been constant for the last 61 years.

A new assimilation system (CERA) has been developed to simultaneously ingest atmospheric and ocean observations in the coupled Earth system model used for ECMWF's ensemble forecasts.

Cross Cutting Priority 1: (Integrated Global Environmental Observation and Data Management System) focuses on developing a global - to - local environmental observation and data management systems for the comprehensive, continuous monitoring of coupled ocean / atmospheric / land systems that enhance NOAA's ability to protect lives, property, expand economic opportunities, understand climate variability, and promote healthy ecosystems.

Quantitatively, Vasskog et al. estimate that during this time (the prior interglacial) the GrIS was «probably between ~ 7 and 60 % smaller than at present,» and that that melting contributed to a rise in global sea level of «between 0.5 and 4.2 m.» Thus, in comparing the present interglacial to the past interglacial, atmospheric CO2 concentrations are currently 30 % higher, global temperatures are 1.5 - 2 °C cooler, GrIS volume is from 7 - 67 % larger, and global sea level is at least 0.5 - 4.2 m lower, none of which observations signal catastrophe for the present.

Requires the Climate Service Program to: (1) analyze the effects of weather and climate on communities; (2) carry out observations, data collection, and monitoring of atmospheric and oceanic conditions; (3) provide information and technical support to governmental efforts to assess and respond to climate variability and change; (4) develop systems for the management and dissemination of data; (5) conduct research to improve forecasting and understanding of weather and climate variability and change and its effects on communities; and (6) develop tools to facilitate the use of climate information by local and regional stakeholders.

The method combines the results of long - term atmospheric reanalyses downscaled with a stochastic statistical method and homogenized station observations to derive the meteorological forcing needed for hydrological modeling.

Initial condition uncertainty arises due to errors in the estimate of the starting conditions for the forecast, both due to limited observations of the atmosphere, and uncertainties involved in using indirect measurements, such as satellite data, to measure the state of atmospheric variables.

The underlying integrated assessment model outputs for land use, atmospheric emissions and concentration data were harmonized across models and scenarios to ensure consistency with historical observations while preserving individual scenario trends.

«Coupled models are becoming increasingly reliable tools for understanding climate and climate change, and the best models are now capable of simulating present - day climate with accuracy approaching conventional atmospheric observations,» said Reichler.

«The authors write that North Pacific Decadal Variability (NPDV) «is a key component in predictability studies of both regional and global climate change,»... they emphasize that given the links between both the PDO and the NPGO with global climate, the accurate characterization and the degree of predictability of these two modes in coupled climate models is an important «open question in climate dynamics» that needs to be addressed... report that model - derived «temporal and spatial statistics of the North Pacific Ocean modes exhibit significant discrepancies from observations in their twentieth - century climate... conclude that «for implications on future climate change, the coupled climate models show no consensus on projected future changes in frequency of either the first or second leading pattern of North Pacific SST anomalies,» and they say that «the lack of a consensus in changes in either mode also affects confidence in projected changes in the overlying atmospheric circulation.»»

The issue is most acute for reanalyses spanning several decades - are any atmospheric temperature trends seen real or an artefact of changes in the observations available?

EUMETSAT operates four geostationary Meteosat spacecraft which provide frequent observations vital for severe weather warnings, and two Metop polar orbiting satellites which supply a unique wealth of ocean, land and atmospheric parameters essential for forecasting high impact weather up to 10 days in advance.

(For a discussion of the limits of IPCC, see, Brown, 2008) In fact observations of actual greenhouse gas atmospheric concentrations, temperatures, and sea level rise are near or exceeding the IPCC worst - case predictions.

• Determine the role additional atmospheric profile observations may play in improving the quality of weather forecasts and ice predictions for the SIZ of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas.

The paper gives some basic formulae for getting the forcings from the concentrations, so to pick the right scenario it's okay to compare atmospheric compospition with subsequent observations and slightly better to compare the forcings.

The observations do not support the assertion that the increase in atmospheric CO2 was the principal reason for the increase in planetary temperature.

Simultaneous observations of atmospheric ethane, compared with the ethane - to - methane ratio in the pipeline gas delivered to the region, demonstrate that natural gas accounted for ∼ 60 — 100 % of methane emissions, depending on season.

The figure below shows direct surface forcing, atmospheric forcing, and TOA forcing for the region averaged over 10 days of observations.

Compared with observed atmospheric and ocean warming, the hindcasts tracked the observations best in both atmosphere and ocean for a pCO2 - doubling, climate sensitivity of 2.5 K.

These data include annual observations for the atmospheric concentration of five greenhouse gases as measured by instruments located at Mauna Loa, CO2 (16) and Samoa; CH4, N2O, CFC11, and CFC12 (17).

So, while they may have used an inventory which underestimates emissions, for the purposes of the paper they do scale these to match observations pertaining to atmospheric BC burden.

Even if experimental observations suggest that the models get the averages roughly right for a short - term forecast, there is no guarantee they will get them right for atmospheric conditions several decades into the future.

The ARM Facility has provided the world's atmospheric scientists with continuous observations of cloud and aerosol properties and their impacts on the Earth's energy balance for more than 20 years.

U.S. national and regional emissions of HFC - 134a are derived for 2008 — 2012 based on atmospheric observations from ground and aircraft sites across the U.S. and a newly developed regional...

Recent calculations of atmospheric sensitivity to increased concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere are based on observations and provide values for sensitivity that are much lower than previous versions that were based on models.

«The North American location of increased 700 hPa positive anomalies suggests that a regional atmospheric blocking mechanism is responsible for the presence of the AD pattern, consistent with observations of unprecedented high pressure anomalies over Greenland since 2007.»

This task has become easier over the last decade with the development of advanced methods of Data Assimilation commonly used in atmospheric sciences to optimally combine a short forecast with the latest meteorological observations in order to create accurate initial conditions for weather forecasts generated several times a day by the National Weather Services (e.g., [194,195,196,197,198]-RRB-.

The breakout group heard a presentation regarding the importance that high - temporal - resolution hyperspectral observations of key atmospheric state variables and their trends have for climate data records.