Sentences with phrase «atmospheric particles between»

Not exact matches

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

And by carefully measuring and modeling the resulting changes in atmospheric composition, scientists could improve their estimate of how sensitive Earth's climate is to CO2, said lead author Joyce Penner, a professor of atmospheric science at the University of Michigan whose work focuses on improving global climate models and their ability to model the interplay between clouds and aerosol particles.

Using publically available data about wind speed and water vapor flux from real - world atmospheric rivers over the Atlantic, the scientists created a computer model consisting of thousands of moving virtual air particles and found a close match between the complex swirls — the Lagrangian coherent structures — made by the air particles and the patterns made by the real atmospheric rivers.

They had assumed that atmospheric water vapor had seeped into high - latitude martian soil and frozen between soil particles, forming a half - ice, half - soil mixture.

Contributions from the following topics (but not exclusively) are invited: • Solar irradiance and energetic particle impacts on the atmosphere • Upper atmospheric dynamical variability and coupling between atmospheric layers • Solar variations and stratosphere - troposphere coupling • Solar influence on climate variability • Solar irradiance (spectral and total irradiance) variations

Understanding the climate impact of natural atmospheric particles An international team of scientists, led by the University of Leeds, has quantified the relationship between natural sources of particles in the atmosphere and climate change.

Specifically, this chapter will examine the relationships between the physical climate system and the land surface, the carbon cycle, chemically reactive atmospheric gases and aerosol particles.

Models that attempt to perform reliable projections of future climate changes should account explicitly for the feedbacks between climate and the processes that determine the atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, reactive gases and aerosol particles.

Mr. Nordhaus also omits any mention of the fact that the modelers had to insert fudge factors for atmospheric particle concentrations to induce the models to predict the observed falling temperatures between 1940 and 1960.