Not exact matches
In this
process, also known as the biological pump,
atmospheric CO2 is stored in sedimentary deposits
over geological time periods.
«We are developing a system at the ALS that can simulate all material loads and stresses
over the course of the
atmospheric entry
process,» said Harold Barnard, a scientist at Berkeley Lab's ALS who is spearheading the Lab's X-ray work with NASA.
«The change in flux described by our model happens
over extremely long time periods, and it would be a mistake to think that these
processes that are bringing about any of the
atmospheric changes are occurring due to anthropomorphic climate change,» he said.
«For various periods
over the last 60 years, we have been able to combine important
processes:
atmospheric variability, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, water and air temperatures, the occurrence of fresh surface water, and the duration of convection,» explains Dr. Marilena Oltmanns from GEOMAR, lead author of the study.
Their study will include the hydrologic responses such as runoff and streamflow
over land and
atmospheric processes above the boundary layer.
The overall goal is to study how Mars loses its
atmospheric gas to space, and the role this
process has played in changing the Martian climate
over time.
Once the ice reaches the equator, the equilibrium climate is significantly colder than what would initiate melting at the equator, but if CO2 from geologic emissions build up (they would, but very slowly — geochemical
processes provide a negative feedback by changing
atmospheric CO2 in response to climate changes, but this is generally very slow, and thus can not prevent faster changes from faster external forcings) enough, it can initiate melting — what happens then is a runaway in the opposite direction (until the ice is completely gone — the extreme warmth and CO2 amount at that point, combined with left -
over glacial debris available for chemical weathering, will draw CO2 out of the atmosphere, possibly allowing some ice to return).
If so, I think we want to include tightly coupled chemical and biological
processes, in that case — for example, the chemical fate of
atmospheric methane
over time, the effects of increasing
atmospheric CO2 on oceanic acid - base chemistry, and the response of the biological components of the carbon cycle to increased temperatures and a changing hydrologic cycle.
It is indeed true that at current
atmospheric levels, CO2 would drop to 50 % of its current value
over about 100 years (or perhaps less) if no more were added, so that recycling among the various components of the system were the only
process ongoing.
Thus any
process which tends to favor the growth of organisms made from silicate, such as diatoms,
over organisms made from carbonate, such as the coccolithophorids, will tend to lower the
atmospheric CO2 concentration — and vice versa — even if the total organic biomass formed in the surface layer and sinking from that layer remains constant.
The rise in
atmospheric CO2
over the past 100 years is many, many times faster than from natural geological
processes.
Since to me (and many scientists, although some wanted a lot more corroborative evidence, which they've also gotten) it makes absolutely no sense to presume that the earth would just go about its merry way and keep the climate nice and relatively stable for us (though this rare actual climate scientist pseudo skeptic seems to think it would, based upon some non scientific belief — see second half of this piece), when the earth changes climate easily as it is, climate is ultimately an expression of energy, it is stabilized (right now) by the oceans and ice sheets, and increasing the number of long term thermal radiation / heat energy absorbing and re radiating molecules to levels not seen on earth in several million years would add an enormous influx of energy to the lower atmosphere earth system, which would mildly warm the air and increasingly transfer energy to the earth
over time, which in turn would start to alter those stabilizing systems (and which, with increasing ocean energy retention and accelerating polar ice sheet melting at both ends of the globe, is exactly what we've been seeing) and start to reinforce the same
process until a new stases would be reached well after the
atmospheric levels of ghg has stabilized.
Discussions of isotope ratios and uptake and emission of CO2 by all the various and sundry physical and biological
processes are distractions to the simplest and most compelling line of evidence that the increase in
atmospheric CO2 concentrations is primarily anthropogenic — to wit, comparing the expected concentration increase based on anthropogenic emission rates with the actual increase
over a given period of time.
In the context of models that include cloud
processes, ranging from small - scale models of clouds and
atmospheric chemistry to global weather and climate models, the unified theoretical foundations presented here provide the basis for incorporating cloud microphysical
processes in these models in a manner that represent the
process interactions and feedback
processes over the relevant range of environmental and parametric conditions.
Based on the understanding of both the physical
processes that control key climate feedbacks (see Section 8.6.3), and also the origin of inter-model differences in the simulation of feedbacks (see Section 8.6.2), the following climate characteristics appear to be particularly important: (i) for the water vapour and lapse rate feedbacks, the response of upper - tropospheric RH and lapse rate to interannual or decadal changes in climate; (ii) for cloud feedbacks, the response of boundary - layer clouds and anvil clouds to a change in surface or
atmospheric conditions and the change in cloud radiative properties associated with a change in extratropical synoptic weather systems; (iii) for snow albedo feedbacks, the relationship between surface air temperature and snow melt
over northern land areas during spring and (iv) for sea ice feedbacks, the simulation of sea ice thickness.
... The observed patterns of change
over the past 50 years can not be explained by natural
processes alone, nor by the effects of short - lived
atmospheric constituents (such as aerosols and tropospheric ozone) alone.
The thought experiment of varying L -LCB- * -RCB- in a hysteresis loops is rather fanciful, but many
atmospheric processes could act to either increase or decrease the greenhouse effect
over time.