Sentences with phrase «atmospheric processes with»

To obtain realistic simulations, it was found necessary to include additional energy sources and sinks: in particular, energy exchanges with the surface and moist atmospheric processes with the attendant latent heat release and radiative heat inputs.

Not exact matches

«Quantifying the sulfur dioxide bull's - eyes is a two - step process that would not have been possible without two innovations in working with the satellite data,» said co-author Nickolay Krotkov, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.

Seeding clouds with chemical coolants could keep the games dry, but if atmospheric conditions are not favorable the process could also result in a rainout

This industrial process converts atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia through a reaction with hydrogen.

Undertaken by University of Adelaide in collaboration with CSIRO, the research could make viable a process that has enormous potential to replace fossil fuels and continue to use existing carbon - based fuel technologies without increasing atmospheric CO2.

«We are developing a system at the ALS that can simulate all material loads and stresses over the course of the atmospheric entry process,» said Harold Barnard, a scientist at Berkeley Lab's ALS who is spearheading the Lab's X-ray work with NASA.

He wants to know whether the tendency of emitted compounds to end up as long - lived atmospheric components is generally applicable to other compounds and how this process might coexist or compete with other processes occurring in the atmosphere.

«OCO - 2 was designed to help locate and identify natural regional processes that serve as sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and how these vary with time and location,» explained Annmarie Eldering, a NASA scientist working on the mission.

Mixing artificial intelligence with climate science helps researchers to identify previously unknown atmospheric processes and rank climate models

«We show that uptake of atmospheric NH3 (ammonia) onto surfaces containing TiO2 (titanium dioxide) is not a permanent removal process, as previously thought, but rather a photochemical route for generating reactive oxides of nitrogen that play a role in air pollution and are associated with significant health effects,» the authors write.

The same fractionation process that could turn a solar sample of xenon into a modern - day atmospheric sample of xenon would leave a deficit in light isotopes of krypton, compared with what is found in Earth's present atmosphere.

«We are beginning to see the links in a chain that begins with solar - driven processes acting on gas in the upper atmosphere and leads to atmospheric loss,» said Bruce Jakosky, MAVEN principal investigator with the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado, Boulder.

Photosynthetic processes are accelerated with the increased availability of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and, hence, it is conjectured that ring growth would also be correlated with atmospheric carbon dioxide; see Graybill and Idso (1993).

Since among the main goals of this mission are the characterization of atmospheric loss processes (with special attention to water) and the identification of their relation to the solar wind (Bougher et al. 2014), major scientific return related to space weather is expected in the next years.

The transport processes are also very variable from winter to winter and the amount of ozone pumped into the Arctic is also correlated with temperature (this is not a causal relationship — the correlation exists, because variability in temperatures and in ozone transport are both driven by the same atmospheric processes).

These climate indices are correlated with population dynamics [8], [9] because they reflect atmospheric circulation patterns which regulate large scale oceanographic processes and ecosystem productivity [10], [11].

The factors that determine this asymmetry are various, involving ice albedo feedbacks, cloud feedbacks and other atmospheric processes, e.g., water vapor content increases approximately exponentially with temperature (Clausius - Clapeyron equation) so that the water vapor feedback gets stronger the warmer it is.

In the early 1980s, with F1 now long departed, a new, 2.8 - mile Nürburgring GP track was built, demolishing the «South Loop» and the wonderfully atmospheric original pit straight and buildings in the process.

The transport processes are also very variable from winter to winter and the amount of ozone pumped into the Arctic is also correlated with temperature (this is not a causal relationship — the correlation exists, because variability in temperatures and in ozone transport are both driven by the same atmospheric processes).

The process would continue for a millenium, slowly stablising with the atmospheric CO2 level in 1,000 years containing 20 % to 30 % of our total emissions (as opposed to the 45 % of today).

Changing atmospheric concentrations of 14C are notably driven by many of the same processes, but with the added source of cosmogenic production.

I suppose that with a sufficient change in the atmospheric density by the addition of a gas, one might expect changes in physical processes like thermal conduction and / or advection to make a difference but that isn't what the engineer was claiming by my reading.

Once the ice reaches the equator, the equilibrium climate is significantly colder than what would initiate melting at the equator, but if CO2 from geologic emissions build up (they would, but very slowly — geochemical processes provide a negative feedback by changing atmospheric CO2 in response to climate changes, but this is generally very slow, and thus can not prevent faster changes from faster external forcings) enough, it can initiate melting — what happens then is a runaway in the opposite direction (until the ice is completely gone — the extreme warmth and CO2 amount at that point, combined with left - over glacial debris available for chemical weathering, will draw CO2 out of the atmosphere, possibly allowing some ice to return).

The processes of carbon release are intertwined with multiple factors, including microbial community composition, stability of old carbon, physical soil structure, and relative fraction of leaching to atmospheric emission.

Fred Moulton: You assert: «the process is not oxidative, and so the commensurate reduction in atmospheric O2 we have seen with rising CO2 requires an oxidative process for its explanation that volcanism can't provide.»

Explore the sensitivity of the climate system to atmospheric chemical composition with emphasis on connections to biosphereic processes and feedbacks

GOAL 2: Project a diminished arctic sea - ice cover with multiple warming scenarios and to examine key linkages among atmospheric forcing, sea - ice processes, and oceanic processes in an ice - diminished Arctic Ocean and the adjacent seas.

If we assume that atmospheric CO2 will ramp up to around 400 ppm before the extraction plant becomes operational, this means that the plant must process 2.5 e12 tons of atmosphere annually with 100 % extraction efficiency to meet its 1e9 ton annual extraction target, or around 80 kilotons of air / sec.

A lovely short book, with short, accurate explanations eg, ideas for simple experiments eg and calculations to demonstrate atmospheric processes and helpful illustrations.

«Analysis of observations indicate that this heat wave was mainly due to internal atmospheric dynamical processes that produced and maintained a strong and long - lived blocking event, and that similar atmospheric patterns have occurred with prior heat waves in this region.

Putting those two, theoretical, processes together with some shaky assumptions about aerosols, clouds and other atmospheric phenomena, and arriving at an assumption that the theoretical minor warming of CO2 is tripled is what concerns a true skeptic.

temperature, other climatic variables, and concentrations of aerosols and trace gases; and (2) making raw and processed atmospheric measurements accessible in a form that enables a number of different groups to replicate and experiment with the processing of the more widely disseminated data sets such as the MSU tropospheric temperature record.

A comparison of the radiative equilibrium temperatures with the observed temperatures has indicated the extent to which the other atmospheric processes, such as convection, large - scale circulation, and condensation processes, influence the thermal energy balance of the system.

I have worked on a wide range of topics pertaining to the global carbon cycle and its relation to global climate, with special focus on ocean sedimentary processes such as CaCO3 dissolution and methane hydrate formation, and their impact on the evolution of atmospheric CO2.

(However, the Los Alamos Natural Laboratory has proposed Green Freedom, which is a carbon - neutral version of the process using nuclear energy, along with atmospheric CO2 as the carbon source.)

3 Further complicating the response of the different atmospheric levels to increases in greenhouse gases are other processes such as those associated with changes in the concentration and distribution of atmospheric water vapor and clouds.

This will allow immediate leverage of the low cost of natural gas, along with easy conversion to light oils (free of «corrosive components») generated by cyanobacterial processes (such as Joule Unlimited's), or methane from conversion of solar / electrolytic hydrogen and atmospheric CO2 when either / both of those processes become cost - competitive.

Since to me (and many scientists, although some wanted a lot more corroborative evidence, which they've also gotten) it makes absolutely no sense to presume that the earth would just go about its merry way and keep the climate nice and relatively stable for us (though this rare actual climate scientist pseudo skeptic seems to think it would, based upon some non scientific belief — see second half of this piece), when the earth changes climate easily as it is, climate is ultimately an expression of energy, it is stabilized (right now) by the oceans and ice sheets, and increasing the number of long term thermal radiation / heat energy absorbing and re radiating molecules to levels not seen on earth in several million years would add an enormous influx of energy to the lower atmosphere earth system, which would mildly warm the air and increasingly transfer energy to the earth over time, which in turn would start to alter those stabilizing systems (and which, with increasing ocean energy retention and accelerating polar ice sheet melting at both ends of the globe, is exactly what we've been seeing) and start to reinforce the same process until a new stases would be reached well after the atmospheric levels of ghg has stabilized.

The results indicate that the surface ocean pCO2 trend is generally consistent with the atmospheric increase but is more variable due to large - scale interannual variability of oceanic processes.

I'm fine with atmospheric pressure changes resulting from non-adiabatic processes, or from wind etc., but not from condensation alone.

86) There are no experimentally verified processes explaining how CO2 concentrations can fall in a few centuries without falling temperatures — in fact it is changing temperatures which cause changes in CO2 concentrations, which is consistent with experiments that show CO2 is the atmospheric gas most readily absorbed by water.

«Our climate simulations, using a simplified three - dimensional climate model to solve the fundamental equations for conservation of water, atmospheric mass, energy, momentum and the ideal gas law, but stripped to basic radiative, convective and dynamical processes, finds upturns in climate sensitivity at the same forcings as found with a more complex global climate model»

In an attempt to deal with the problem, the US Atmospheric Science Program (ASP) ``... has as its long - term goal developing comprehensive understanding of the atmospheric processes that control the transport, transformation, and fate of energy related trace chemicals and particulate matter.

These atmospheric processes are closely interlinked with environmental, social and economic pillars on which development should be based, and all together may influence the selection of sustainable development paths.

Here is what NOAA states about the inadequacies of ocean heat content measurements:» Nonetheless, preliminary processing of Argo data indicates that it is not without problems associated with different calibration and manufacturers of the instruments; a problem common for atmospheric measurements.

(2) This means the total NH photosynthesizing biomass has a higher proportion of land plants which interact directly with atmospheric CO2 and hence the bulk C12 - C13 - C14 fractionation process is more characteristic of land plants and more susceptible to both the annual land cycle of air / soil temperatures and short term differences in the input to the atmosphere of C - 13 and C - 14 by anthropogenic sources.

Discussions of isotope ratios and uptake and emission of CO2 by all the various and sundry physical and biological processes are distractions to the simplest and most compelling line of evidence that the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations is primarily anthropogenic — to wit, comparing the expected concentration increase based on anthropogenic emission rates with the actual increase over a given period of time.

Our climate simulations, using a simplified three - dimensional climate model to solve the fundamental equations for conservation of water, atmospheric mass, energy, momentum and the ideal gas law, but stripped to basic radiative, convective and dynamical processes, finds upturns in climate sensitivity at the same forcings as found with a more complex global climate model [66].

Process - based studies have focused on understanding the role of the land surface on climate, with research looking into the regional impact of historical or hypothetical (future scenario) land - use change on climate, as well as understanding diurnal - scale relationships between surface fluxes of heat and moisture and subsequent atmospheric processes such as convection and the generation of precipitation.

I was at an international conference on aerosol in September and I made a comment that we're getting to the stage with CLOUD where we will understand the processes extremely well, but we still won't be able to reduce the errors because we don't have good enough atmospheric observations of what the concentrations of these vapors are in the atmosphere versus altitude.