Sentences with phrase «atmospheric systems requires»
Modelling interactions between terrestrial and atmospheric systems requires coupling successional models to biogeochemical models and physiological models that describe the exchange of water and energy between vegetation and the atmosphere at fine time - scales.
http://www.ipcc.ch/ Not exact matches
«Stabilizing or reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, therefore, requires very deep reductions in future emissions to compensate for past emissions that are still circulating in the Earth system,» the draft report says.
Analyzing such systems, whether they are on the surface of a catalyst, a microbial community, or atmospheric aerosols, and understanding their impact requires tools that can accurately identify and quantify hundreds of molecules,» said Dr. Julia Laskin, a PNNL chemist, who has been advancing the frontiers of the Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, nicknamed nano - DESI, for the last 3 years.
The inertia of energy system infrastructure, i.e., the time required to replace fossil fuel energy systems, will make it exceedingly difficult to avoid a level of atmospheric CO2 that would eventually have highly undesirable consequences.
Requires the Climate Service Program to: (1) analyze the effects of weather and climate on communities; (2) carry out observations, data collection, and monitoring of atmospheric and oceanic conditions; (3) provide information and technical support to governmental efforts to assess and respond to climate variability and change; (4) develop systems for the management and dissemination of data; (5) conduct research to improve forecasting and understanding of weather and climate variability and change and its effects on communities; and (6) develop tools to facilitate the use of climate information by local and regional stakeholders.
Stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases will require a radical transformation of the global energy system over coming decades.
Consequently, the most advanced climate models now require, in addition to concentrations or emissions of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O and halocarbons), emissions of reactive gases and aerosol precursor compounds (SO2, NOx, VOC, BC, OC and NH3), to model atmospheric chemistry and interactions with the climate system.6 For most variables, a sectoral differentiation would improve the quality of the calculations (e.g. from power plants and agricultural burning).
Most CM experiments based on RCPs will be driven by greenhouse gas concentrations (Hibbard et al. 2007).8 Furthermore, many Earth system models do not contain a full atmospheric chemistry model, and thus require exogenous inputs of three - dimensional distributions for reactive gases, oxidant fields, and aerosol loadings.
And The Economist also seems blissfully unaware that stabilizing anywhere near 450 ppm atmospheric concentration of CO2 would require immediate and sustained action to replace the world's fossil fuel system with one based on carbon - free energy — precisely the kind of aggressive action this piece seems designed to undercut.
The UN protocol requires every nation on earth to reduce their atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gas to 94.8 % of 1990 levels to «prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.»
The inertia of energy system infrastructure, i.e., the time required to replace fossil fuel energy systems, will make it exceedingly difficult to avoid a level of atmospheric CO2 that would eventually have highly undesirable consequences.
«Reducing the wide range of uncertainty inherent in current model predictions of global climate change will require major advances in understanding and modeling of both (1) the factors that determine atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and aerosols, and (2) the so - called «feedbacks» that determine the sensitivity of the climate system to a prescribed increase in greenhouse gases.»
The current warming trend can not be due to «natural variability» because at present both ocean temperatures and land temperatures are warming which requires an external forcing and land temperatures are warming faster than ocean temperatures which can not occur with internal variability of the ocean - atmospheric system.