Sentences with phrase «atmospheric temperature from»

We have the increase in atmospheric temperature from nominal forcing and the increase from energy introduced into the system from combustion and radioactive decay in the mantle.

Lower curve: reconstruction of atmospheric temperature from measurements of the isotope Deuterium.

For the purpose of simplifying the argument, STT is happy to concede that man - made CO2 emissions may cause an increase in atmospheric temperatures — whether or not modest increases in atmospheric temperature from present levels represents a threat to humans or the planet is another question again (see our post here).

The current UAH satellite numerical data (these data consist of the differences of lower atmospheric temperature from the 1979 thru 1998 average) is at http://vortex.nsstc.uah.edu/data/msu/t2lt/uahncdc.lt.

Indeed, there have already been pronouncements of failure of the Lima / Paris talks from some green groups, primarily because the talks have not and will not lead to an immediate decrease in emissions and will not prevent atmospheric temperatures from rising by more than 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), which has become an accepted, but essentially unachievable political goal.

There will be — indeed, already have been — pronouncements of failure of the Lima / Paris talks from some green groups, primarily because the talks will not lead to an immediate decrease in emissions and will not prevent atmospheric temperatures from rising by more than 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit), which has become an accepted, but essentially unachievable political goal.

For developing this method to calculate atmospheric temperatures from satellite data, Spencer and Christy have been awarded NASA's Medal for Exceptional Scientific Achievement.

[8] This was virtually identical to the statement found in the ISPM [ISPM v. 1 2.1 b] and echoed the summary statement: «Globally - averaged measurements of atmospheric temperatures from satellite data since 1979 show an increase of 0.04 °C to 0.20 °C per decade over this period» [ISPM v. 1 ES].

The intensity is proportional to the temperature of broad vertical layers of the atmosphere, as demonstrated by theory and direct comparisons with atmospheric temperatures from radiosonde (balloon) profiles.

Not exact matches

The reaction rate between atmospheric hydrogen chloride (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) is greatly enhanced in the presence of ice particles; HCl dissolves readily into ice, and the collisional reaction probability for ClONO2 on the surface of ice with HCl in the mole fraction range from ∼ 0.003 to 0.010 is in the range from ∼ 0.05 to 0.1 for temperatures near 200 K. Chlorine (Cl2) is released into the gas phase on a time scale of at most a few milliseconds, whereas nitric acid (HNO3), the other product, remains in the condensed phase.

Like Facebook postings or tweets that get shared over and over again, temperature and humidity get transported from one place to another by atmospheric flows, such as winds.

The setting gave scientists the rare opportunity to look at the impact of pollution on atmospheric processes in a largely pre-industrial environment and pinpoint the effects of the particles apart from other factors such as temperature and humidity.

To determine whether declining pollutants deserve credit for the recovery, the researchers used a 3D atmospheric model to separate the effects of the chemicals from those of weather, which can affect ozone loss through winds and temperature, and volcanic eruptions, which deplete ozone by pumping sulfate particles into the upper atmosphere.

Built out of titanium to withstand the daily Martian temperature swings from — 22 degrees Fahrenheit -LRB--- 30 degrees Celsius) to — 112 degrees F -LRB--- 80 degrees C), the imager is also designed to perform in low atmospheric pressure.

Tinetti says the earlier studies could be a product of the planets» bright sides cooking to the same temperature throughout, which makes atmospheric molecules less likely to absorb radiation from below.

But even the first step of modeling the effects of greenhouse gas sources and sinks on future temperatures requires input from atmospheric scientists, oceanographers, ecologists, economists, policy analysts, and others.

«Ice cores only tell you about temperatures in Antarctica,» Shakun notes of previous studies that relied exclusively on an ice core from Antarctica that records atmospheric conditions over the last 800,000 years.

Photosynthesis — the process green plants use to convert energy from the sun that plants use to grow — from tropical forests, plays a huge role in determining global atmospheric CO2 concentration, which is closely linked the global temperature and rate of climate change.

The ongoing disappearance of sea ice in the Arctic from elevated temperatures is a factor to changes in atmospheric pressure that control jet streams of air, explained James Overland, an oceanographer of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, or NOAA.

The magnetic field, which may be generated by the planet's core, is connected to the winds because of high temperatures stripping electrons from atmospheric atoms of lithium, sodium and potassium, making them positively charged.

Goddard's computer models, with input from ocean buoys, atmospheric models, satellite data and other sources, can also simulate what ocean water temperatures could do in the coming months.

«This relationship between Antarctica temperature and CO2 suggested that somehow the Southern Ocean was pivotal in controlling natural atmospheric CO2 concentrations,» said Dr Maxim Nikurashin from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science.

Their findings, based on output from four global climate models of varying ocean and atmospheric resolution, indicate that ocean temperature in the U.S. Northeast Shelf is projected to warm twice as fast as previously projected and almost three times faster than the global average.

New measurements by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies indicate that 2012 was the ninth warmest year since 1880, and that the past decade or so has seen some of the warmest years in the last 132 years.One way to illustrate changes in global atmospheric temperatures is by looking at how far temperatures stray from «normal», or a baseline.

They protected the wearers from temperatures that fluctuated between − 300 and 300 degrees Fahrenheit and from low atmospheric pressure that could boil away someone's blood.

The temperature gradient creates atmospheric circulation, which transports heat from areas of equatorial excess to the cold polar regions.

Even models that correctly capture cloud behavior may fail to fully account for other climate feedbacks from factors like changing snow and sea ice cover, atmospheric water vapor content, and temperature.

Because of those uncertainties, researchers can estimate only that doubling atmospheric carbon dioxide from preindustrial levels would increase global temperature between 1 °C and 5 °C.

When it comes to climate change science, researchers typically use atmospheric carbon dioxide levels from the late 19th century as a guideline, because that's when instrumentation was developed to accurately measure temperatures.

«For various periods over the last 60 years, we have been able to combine important processes: atmospheric variability, such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, water and air temperatures, the occurrence of fresh surface water, and the duration of convection,» explains Dr. Marilena Oltmanns from GEOMAR, lead author of the study.

Researchers from the University of California Irvine have shown that a phenomenon known as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)-- a natural pattern of variation in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures that switches between a positive and negative phase every 60 - 70 years — can affect an atmospheric circulation pattern, known as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), that influences the temperature and precipitation over the Northern Hemisphere in winter.

«It would be like trying to predict El Niño with a sophisticated atmospheric model, but with the Sea Surface Temperatures taken from external, independent projections by, for example, the United Nations,» said Kalnay.

This $ 1.5 - billion satellite is state - of - the - art, carrying five advanced instruments to measure everything from sea - surface temperature to atmospheric winds.

The team analyzed an index of sea surface temperatures from the Bering Sea and found that in years with higher than average Arctic temperatures, changes in atmospheric circulation resulted in the aforementioned anomalous climates throughout North America.

Because atmospheric conditions such as wind and temperature can greatly affect particulate - matter measurements, researchers from EPIC - India and the Evidence for Policy Design initiative at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, gathered data from air - quality monitors in New Delhi and placed monitors in three adjacent cities as a control.

Dr Tina Van De Flierdt, co-author from the Department of Earth Science and Engineering at Imperial College London, says: «The Pliocene Epoch had temperatures that were two or three degrees higher than today and similar atmospheric carbon dioxide levels to today.

This means that their temperatures can range from nearly as hot as a star to as cool as a planet, which is thought to influence their atmospheric conditions, too.

From studying the way the starlight dimmed, Marc Buie of Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, and James Elliot of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, reported 14 August that Pluto's atmospheric temperature has dropped some 20 kelvin since the last occultation in 1988.

«(A) describe increased risks to natural systems and society that would result from an increase in global average temperature 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) above the pre-industrial average or an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations above 450 parts per million carbon dioxide equivalent; and

The Arctic is changing rapidly under pressure from increasing temperatures and other stressors, such as atmospheric pollution.

The effects of increased temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentration have been documented concerning shifts in flowering time and pollen initiation from allergenic plants, elevated production of plant - based allergens, and health effects of increased pollen concentrations and longer pollen seasons.15, 16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26 Additional studies have shown extreme rainfall and higher temperatures can lead to increased indoor air quality issues such as fungi and mold health concerns.27, 28,29,30

«The consensus is that a doubling of atmospheric CO2 from its pre-industrial revolution value would result in an average global temperature rise of (3.0 ± 1.5) °C.»

While ECS is the equilibrium global mean temperature change that eventually results from atmospheric CO2 doubling, the smaller TCR refers to the global mean temperature change that is realised at the time of CO2 doubling under an idealised scenario in which CO2 concentrations increase by 1 % yr — 1 (Cubasch et al., 2001; see also Section 8.6.2.1).

From these two additional analyses, researchers have been able to conclude that the HD189733b exoplanet is showing infernal atmospheric conditions: wind speeds of more than 1000 kilometres per hour, and the temperature being 3000 degrees.

Variations of deuterium (δD; black), a proxy for local temperature, and the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases CO2 (red), CH4 (blue), and nitrous oxide (N2O; green) derived from air trapped within ice cores from Antarctica and from recent atmospheric measurements (Petit et al., 1999; Indermühle et al., 2000; EPICA community members, 2004; Spahni et al., 2005; Siegenthaler et al., 2005a, b).

The transport processes are also very variable from winter to winter and the amount of ozone pumped into the Arctic is also correlated with temperature (this is not a causal relationship — the correlation exists, because variability in temperatures and in ozone transport are both driven by the same atmospheric processes).

Polar amplification, in which temperatures at the poles rise more rapidly than temperatures at the equator (due to factors like the global atmospheric and oceanic circulation of heat from the equator to the poles), plays a major role in the rate of ice sheet retreat.

By combining our atmospheric characterisation with the age and metallicity constraints arising from the probable membership to the AB Doradus moving group, we find that CFBDSIRJ214947.2 - 040308.9 is probably a 4 - 7 Jupiter masses free - floating planet with an effective temperature of ~ 700K and a log g of ~ 4.0, typical of the late T - type exoplanets that are targeted by direct imaging.

One would see the temperature line rising away from the SOI line if, for example, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations had a significant influence.

While the new research didn't answer what led to the particular atmospheric patterns associated with extreme temperatures, Horton hopes that they can use the same approach from the study to try to figure that out.