Changes in cloud cover, increases
in atmospheric water vapour, more atmospheric heat transport from lower latitudes and declining sea ice have all been suggested as contributing factors.
In addition,
atmospheric water vapour absorbs a large part of the infrared rays coming from space, which makes data collection difficult — or even impossible — at some wavelengths.
As it is very light, hydrogen gas can escape the exoplanets» atmospheres and be detected around the exoplanets with Hubble, acting as a possible indicator
of atmospheric water vapour [2].
To claim that the entire system of atmospheric temperature moderation has been described by the fluctuations of atmospheric CO2 content while excluding the other obvious factors such
as atmospheric water vapour content, solar flux and orbital mechanics is just nonsense.
Observational evidence indicates that the frequency of the heaviest rainfall events has likely increased within many land regions in general agreement with model simulations that indicate that rainfall in the heaviest events is likely to increase in line
with atmospheric water vapour concentration.
Simulations and observations of total
atmospheric water vapour averaged over oceans agree closely when the simulations are constrained by observed SSTs, suggesting that anthropogenic influence has contributed to an increase in total atmospheric water vapour.
«The far north has indeed been behaving bizarrely in Nov / Dec 2016, setting many new records for temperature, sea ice extent,
atmospheric water vapour content, and Arctic amplification (the difference in temperature between the Arctic and northern mid-latitudes)»
Changes in
atmospheric water vapour content may amplify Arctic warming.
Even if temperatures or sea surface temperatures are below normal, they are still higher than they would have been, and so too is
the atmospheric water vapour amount and thus the moisture available for storms.»
Recent fingerprint work, however, has considered a variety of other climate variables, such as ocean heat content, stratospheric temperatures, and
atmospheric water vapour.
They include increases in surface, atmospheric and oceanic temperatures; shrinking of glaciers; decreasing snow cover and sea ice; rising sea level and increasing
atmospheric water vapour.
Over the 20th century, based on changes in sea surface temperatures, it is estimated that
atmospheric water vapour increased by about 5 % in the atmosphere over the oceans.
(SW - CLR is related to the distribution of
atmospheric water vapour and aerosol which has a close link to the model dynamical processes).