Sentences with phrase «atoms in»

Atoms in interstellar space absorb certain frequencies of starlight; by finding what light from any given star is «missing,» astronomers can figure out how much gas there is between us and that star.

An external electric or magnetic field can align groups of atoms in the iron over time so that they take on their own permanent magnetic field.

For the first time, new research from the University of Bristol, UK and the University of Waikoto, New Zealand explains how this «wiggling and jiggling» of the atoms in enzymes — the proteins that make biological reactions happen — is «choreographed» to make them work at a particular temperature.

How then should one treat the case of garnets with 160 atoms in the unit cell, spins up to 5/2, and at least six different coupling constants?

The aim is to track the attosecond motions of charged clouds in and around atoms in order to better understand the fundamentals of the interaction between light and matter.

Researchers at the Niels Bohr Institute, together with colleagues in the US and Australia, have developed a method to control a quantum bit for electronic quantum communication in a series of quantum dots, which behave like artificial atoms in the solid state.

Super Powerful X-Ray Laser Boils Atoms in Molecules and Explodes Living Cells — All in the Name of Science

Free oxygen is not bound to another element, as are the oxygen atoms in other atmospheric gases like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide.

Just as the atoms in a molecule can be arranged in a left - or right - handed manner, the field in a beam of light can circulate like a left - or right - handed corkscrew.

Just as the atoms in familiar crystals are resilient to changes in space, time crystals seem to steadfastly hold their set pulse.

The main argument in these reviews has been that collisions of similar energies happen daily in the upper atmosphere as cosmic rays slam into atoms in the air and, so far, Earth has survived unscathed.

Like existing ground - based gamma - ray observatories, the telescopes wouldn't detect gamma rays directly but would instead pick up the flashes of light given off when gamma radiation interacts with atoms in the upper atmosphere.

In contrast, the relatively high - temperature superconductors are thought to work when electrons are paired at the average distance between them — and this is what was seen between the atoms in this fermionic condensate.

Discussing the physical relevance of Schrödinger's wave function (28 July, p 28), Matthew Pusey and his colleagues argue that the two atoms in their thought experiment are truly independent of each other.

«One of the really interesting things about this gap,» Robinson said, «is that it allows us to grow aligned layers despite the fact that the atoms in the graphene are not lined up with the atoms in the tungsten diselenide.

Reactants can flow into the hollow structure through holes in the faces, interacting with more platinum atoms in the chemical reaction than would be the case on a flat sheet of platinum or traditional, nonhollowed nanoparticles.

Deep underground, uranium atoms in rocks undergo radioactive decay, sending off alpha particles — two protons and two neutrons — that can bump into other molecules and change them.

The green glow photographed by Kumar and Bondoux emanates from oxygen atoms in the atmosphere returning to their lowest - energy state after being excited by charged solar particles.

The surprise to biochemists was that the enzyme, called FtmOx1, produces a highly reactive «helper» known as a free radical that assists in putting the oxygen atoms in the right place.

When a voltage is applied to a so - called piezoelectric crystal, atoms in the crystal lattice stretch, like an accordion, along the direction of the applied electric field.

In a 1931 article in The Strand Magazine entitled «Fifty Years Hence» 1, he described fusion power: «If the hydrogen atoms in a pound of water could be prevailed upon to combine together and form helium, they would suffice to drive a thousand - horsepower engine for a whole year.»

We never see this outermost boundary of the atom and assume atoms in situ have open space between them when their field dark matter extends to other spin touching atoms on 6 sides.

Now they went one step further: by precise addressing and application of microwave pulses they flipped the spins of two neighbouring atoms in the centre of each fully magnetized atomic chain.

Because of its expense and scarcity, industries are continually looking to use less of it and to develop catalysts that more efficiently use individual platinum atoms in their reactions.

But further investigation indicated that the emissions came from ionized titanium atoms in the chromospherethe star's lower atmosphere.

The Greek philosopher Democritus predicted that matter is composed of atoms in the fourth century B.C..

The experiment is a much more practical version of a study Boehme and colleagues published in Science in 2010, when they were able to read nuclear spins from phosphorus atoms in a conventional silicon semiconductor.

Yet, halogen atoms in molecules can attract other negatively charged species via a noncovalent interaction known as halogen bonding.

In technical terms, the spiking energy is less than 1 attojoule, lower than the background energy at room temperature and on a par with the chemical energy bonding two atoms in a molecule.

Atoms in this state don't collide and therefore don't create any friction.

For instance, atoms of any given metal arranged in a triangular lattice typically had about 70 percent the bond strength of atoms in the 3 - D version of that metal.

19 Auroras light up the night sky when solar wind particles excite atoms in the upper atmosphere.

We thus infer that the atoms in the corona are moving much more rapidly than those in the photosphere.

Carbon nanotubes are amazing because they're really good electrical conductors, yet they are only a few atoms in diameter.

Other scientists have previously hypothesized that the atoms in metallic glasses are distributed fractally.

Nevalaita and Koskinen created three periodic tables that chart the properties of 2 - D metals with atoms in triangular, square or honeycomb configurations.

They proposed a new way to study a cuprate, one that no other group had tried: a powerful imaging technique developed by Davis, called sublattice imaging - which is performed using a specialized scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of determining the electronic structure in different subsets of the atoms in the crystal, the so - called sublattices.

For instance, in simulations of how a drug couples to its target protein in the body, the computer performs quantum theoretical calculations on those atoms in the target protein that interact with the drug.

The model lays out sim - atoms in a 3D lattice.

The wavelengths of the absorbed light reveal how the target molecule's chemical bonds vibrate, which in turn tells about the types and positions of atoms in the molecule, the kinds and strength of bonds among atoms and the symmetry of the molecule, Milo says.

In 1899 Ernest Rutherford noticed that half of the atoms in a sample of radioactive radon gas disappeared with each passing minute.

Realized that atoms in the gold must have a hard core — now known as the nucleus — that prevented particles from slipping through.

Traditionally, Fischer and other chemists conduct detailed analyses to determine the products of a chemical reaction, and even then, the actual three - dimensional arrangement of atoms in these products can be ambiguous.

Most researchers believed that the light comes from oxygen atoms in the ionosphere.

Furthermore, the researchers report in the 15 June issue of Earth and Planetary Science Letters, the carbon atoms in the two substances are in a heavy form that is extremely rare on Earth.

Minuscule amounts of beryllium atoms in the outer layers of two faint stars 7200 light - years from Earth.

Here, passivation means that the oxygen atom reduces undesired interaction between the atoms of the tip and the atoms in the molecules under investigation.

These rubidium atoms in conjunction with the lasers provide an «optical atomic clock» that works according to a different physical principle that the quartz clock and «ticks» about ten million times faster than the quartz unit.

High - power diode laser module for space applications: Micro-integrated Extended Cavity Diode Laser (ECDL) for laser spectroscopy of rubidium atoms in space.

In either case, sulfur atoms in the Mercurial atmosphere would emit detectable ultraviolet light.