Further, the larger the emotional closeness, the higher was the target's rank in
the attachment hierarchy.
Further analyses (focusing first on the sibling and then on the romantic partner) revealed that the three sibling types differed significantly in their assigned rank to their sibling in
the attachment hierarchy, χ2 (2) = 106.27, p <.001.
As we focused our research on the relative rank of the sibling and the romantic partner in
the attachment hierarchy, this research was not designed to test this mediational model.
Across all participants, the romantic partner was on the top of
the attachment hierarchy, mean rank = 1.78, SD = 0.93, followed by the sibling, mean rank = 2.19, SD = 1.14, and the mother, mean rank = 2.56, SD = 0.86.
aAs the IOS scale and the rank order in
the attachment hierarchy are one item measurements no reliability estimates can be reported.
The reason for conflict is that the rank of the romantic partner is definitely not on top of
the attachment hierarchy (as in a relationship with an NT) sibling, nor is the partner definitely beyond the twin (as in a relationship with an MZ twin).
According to Tancredy and Fraley (2006), although a twin is at the top of
the attachment hierarchy he / she can share this place with other important persons like a romantic partner or friends.
Thus, we included a more direct forced choice measure of
the attachment hierarchy in this study.
They found that married participants were less likely to report their sibling as an attachment figure than single participants, which generally indicates that romantic partners seem to move to the top of
the attachment hierarchy.
Prior to the main analyses, we analyzed the associations among the three different dependent variables (attachment functions, IOS,
attachment hierarchy) across all participants to validate our new rank place
attachment hierarchy measure (see Table 1).
Using this approach, we could straightforwardly compare the relative rank of the romantic partner with the rank of the sibling in
the attachment hierarchy as a function of sibling type.
Comparisons of the rank of the sibling and the romantic partner in
the attachment hierarchy within each sibling type revealed in line with the third prediction that MZ twins placed the twin, mean rank = 1.42, SD = 0.76, significantly higher than the romantic partner, mean rank = 2.10, SD = 0.88, z = 4.59, p <.001.
The father was at the bottom of
the attachment hierarchy, mean rank = 3.47, SD = 0.75, χ2 (3, n = 294) = 274.61, p <.001.
Whereas MZ and DZ twins did not differ in the rank they assigned to their romantic partner, z = 0.74, p =.46, non-twin siblings ranked their romantic partner significantly higher in
the attachment hierarchy than twins, MZ twins: z = 6.67, p <.001; DZ twins: z = 3.89, p <.001.
However, as
our attachment hierarchy scale has some limitations (see below), we would recommend the IOS scale in future studies.
Perhaps the attachment to the romantic partner is equally strong independent of sibling type, and the predicted effects solely lie on the different rank of the sibling in
the attachment hierarchy of the participants (attachment to the romantic partner MZ = DZ = NT).
Correlations Between Attachment Functions (Tancredy & Fraley, 2006), Emotional Closeness (Inclusion of Others in the Self Scale; IOS; Aron, Aron, & Smollan, 1992), and the Rank Place in
the Attachment Hierarchy
Pearson correlations were used for the correlations between the attachment functions and the IOS scale, and nonparametric correlations (Spearman's rho) were calculated for the correlations with the rank in
the attachment hierarchy.
Attachment hierarchy — At the end of the questionnaire, the participants were also instructed to arrange an
attachment hierarchy of the four persons.
For example, the strong relationship between twins ---- especially MZ twins ---- might cause conflicts in close relationships, especially when the romantic partner expects to be the first in
the attachment hierarchy (Pietilä, Bülow, & Björklund, 2012).
Supporting the first and second prediction, MZ twins ranked their sibling marginally higher in
the attachment hierarchy than DZ twins, z = 2.03, p =.04, and DZ twins ranked their sibling higher in
the attachment hierarchy than non-twin siblings, z = 5.22, p <.001.
Probably many persons have several attachment figures that share one place in their personal
attachment hierarchy, and attachment hierarchies are not as one - dimensional as had been previously suspected.
As in our study the participants answered each item four times (sibling, romantic partner, and, to distract the participants from the purpose of this study with regard to mother and father), it seems to be sufficient to rely on shorter scales or
our attachment hierarchy scale.
Keywords:
attachment hierarchy, sibling, monozygotic, dizygotic, twins, romantic relationships
This emotional bond between two romantic partners accounts for much of the romantic partners» well - being and successful adaption (Hazan & Zeifman, 1994), making the romantic partner most likely to be at the top of
the attachment hierarchy.
ii) The full instruction of
this attachment hierarchy item was: «Please create a rank (ing) order of the persons in this questionnaire.
To do so, we compared monozygotic (MZ), dizygotic (DZ) and non-twin (NT) siblings in the way they form the relative rank of the sibling and the romantic partner in
their attachment hierarchies.
Unfortunately, Tancredy and Fraley (2006) did not compare
the attachment hierarchies of MZ and DZ twins, probably due to the restricted sample size.
In a dyadic design, we would expect
the attachment hierarchies of MZ and DZ twins to correspond better than
the attachment hierarchies of NT siblings.
Not exact matches
According to Bowlby, babies form a «small
hierarchy of
attachments.»
[14] Originally dealing primarily with maternal deprivation and concordant losses of essential and primal needs,
attachment theory has since been extended to provide explanations of nearly all the human needs in Maslow's
hierarchy, from sustenance and mating to group membership and justice.
Session 1:
Attachment pathology, an inauthentic attachment system display, narcissistic pathology, an inverted hierarchy suggesting a cross-generational coalition of the child and father against t
Attachment pathology, an inauthentic
attachment system display, narcissistic pathology, an inverted hierarchy suggesting a cross-generational coalition of the child and father against t
attachment system display, narcissistic pathology, an inverted
hierarchy suggesting a cross-generational coalition of the child and father against the mother.
If there is no
hierarchy and Sonia is part of a triad, then they would all have equal needs and expectations for secure
attachment from all partners in the triad.
According to Bowlby, babies form a «small
hierarchy of
attachments.»
Attachments are often structured in a hierarchy, whereby an infant may have formed three attachments but one may be stronger than the other two, and one may be t
Attachments are often structured in a
hierarchy, whereby an infant may have formed three
attachments but one may be stronger than the other two, and one may be t
attachments but one may be stronger than the other two, and one may be the weakest.
The idea of monotropy and
hierarchy is supported by research into
attachments formed by the Efe tribe of Congo.
These findings indicate the unique and important role of adolescents»
attachment to father, despite his low position in the
hierarchy of
attachment figures.
The person on top of this
hierarchy is the person who fulfills the
attachment best.
Hierarchies of
attachment relationships in young adulthood.