The author discusses
the attachment needs of infants, which are best met by close physical contact, breast - feeding, and prompt responsiveness to crying.
Not exact matches
Because that means that one
of those parents
needs to be the primary caretaker
of that
infant if there is going to be a secure
attachment.
I think part
of attachment parenting and meeting the intense
needs of infants and young children is helping build self - sufficiency and mutual respect.
Research
of more then 50 years shows that
infants need to have secure
attachments with their parents early in their lives.
For me
attachment parenting always seemed like common sense because it best fits the basic
needs of an
infant.
Infant Mental Health Mentor — Research / Faculty (Level IV) You will provide a research response to a Qualitative Question: You are encouraged to rely on your extensive research and teaching experience in the infant - family field related to the study of pregnancy, infancy, early childhood and early parenthood; attachment security and relationship needs; risk and resiliency in the early years; caregiving practices; early assessment and intervention strategies, and the mental health needs of infants and toddlers, to name
Infant Mental Health Mentor — Research / Faculty (Level IV) You will provide a research response to a Qualitative Question: You are encouraged to rely on your extensive research and teaching experience in the
infant - family field related to the study of pregnancy, infancy, early childhood and early parenthood; attachment security and relationship needs; risk and resiliency in the early years; caregiving practices; early assessment and intervention strategies, and the mental health needs of infants and toddlers, to name
infant - family field related to the study
of pregnancy, infancy, early childhood and early parenthood;
attachment security and relationship
needs; risk and resiliency in the early years; caregiving practices; early assessment and intervention strategies, and the mental health
needs of infants and toddlers, to name a few.
You will provide a research response to a Qualitative Question: You are encouraged to rely on your extensive research and teaching experience in the
infant - family field related to the study
of pregnancy, infancy, early childhood and early parenthood;
attachment security and relationship
needs; risk and resiliency in the early years; caregiving practices; early assessment and intervention strategies, and the mental health
needs of infants and toddlers, to name a few.
The most important tenet
of attachment theory is that an
infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for the child's successful social and emotional development, and in particular for learning how to effectively regulate their feelings [4].
Zeanah's work on
infant - maternal
attachment promotes the
need for strong and consistent «reparenting»
of the child who has already been deprived during critical developmental stages (Zeanah, 1993, 1996).
The central theme
of Bowlby's
attachment theory is that mothers who are available and responsive to their
infant's
needs establish a sense
of security.
This philosophy, termed «
Attachment Parenting» by its champion, pediatrician and father
of eight Dr. William Sears (author
of the popular child - care manual The Baby Book, among others), sees
infants not as manipulative adversaries who must be «trained» to eat, sleep, and play when told, but as dependent yet autonomous human beings whose wants and
needs are intelligible to the parent willing to listen, and who deserve to be responded to in a reasonable and sensitive manner.
His ethological theory
of attachment suggests that
infants have an innate
need to form an
attachment bond with a caregiver.
Other parenting behaviors that make up the
attachment style
of parenting include
infant - focused prenatal activities; breastfeeding, when possible, to encourage closeness and healthy development; maintaining close physical proximity through frequent touch, carrying, and physical contact and stimulation with the
infant; establishing nighttime routines that support an
infant's
need for closeness; and avoiding long caregiver — child separations.
In the
infant - toddler years, these take the form
of sensitive - responsiveness, which is known to foster
attachment security, 1 and mutually - positive parent - child relations, which themselves promote child cooperation, compliance and conscience development.2 In the preschool through adolescent years, authoritative (vs. neglectful) parenting that mixes high levels
of warmth and acceptance with firm control and clear and consistent limit - setting fosters prosocial orientation, achievement striving, and positive peer relations.3, 4,5 Across childhood and adolescence, then, parenting that treats the child as an individual, respecting developmentally - appropriate
needs for autonomy, and which is not psychologically intrusive / manipulative or harshly coercive contributes to the development
of the kinds
of psychological and behavioural «outcomes» valued in the western world.
Learning when and how to seek permission before massaging a baby is an important skill not only for
infant massage, but also achieving mastery
of the care - giving skills
needed to provide what a baby
needs most: love and a secure
infant - caregiver
attachment.
Breastfeeding is obviously one
of the important contexts in which
attachments are promoted, and thus co-parenting routines
need to be arranged around the
infant's feeding schedule.
Learning when and how to seek permission before massaging a baby is an critical skill not only for
infant massage, but also achieving mastery
of the care giving skills
needed to provide what a baby
needs most: love and a secure
infant - caregiver
attachment.
The central theme
of attachment theory is that primary caregivers who are available and responsive to an
infant's
needs allow the child to develop a sense
of security.
Attachment parenting: For
infants who are carried a lot, parents are more sensitive to their child's
needs thereby intuitively catering to the
needs of their child.
However nothing — absolutely nothing — in any research by Lamb or anyone else has found that
infants «
need» more than one caregiver, that they do better with more than one caregiver, that they
need a father any more than they
need a grandmother or older brother, or that any
of these secondary
attachments, to the extent they do form, are
of equal importance to an
infant's having a strong and healthy bond with its primary caregiver mother.
Further evaluation is
needed of the value
of targeted approaches such as video - interaction guidance,
attachment - and mentalisation - based interventions, and parent -
infant psychotherapy, all
of which are early interventions aimed at improving parent -
infant / toddler interaction in high - risk families.
The empirical literature also shows that
infants and toddlers
need regular interaction with both
of their parents to foster and maintain their
attachments (Lamb et al., in press).
Furthermore, when parents have never lived together, and the
infant has had no opportunity to become attached to one
of the parents, as is common while paternity is being established legally, special efforts are
needed to foster the development
of attachment relationships.
Thus, unlike earlier theories
of parent - child relationships, which emphasized the role
of (any) caregiver in satisfying the
infant's physiological
needs (e.g., hunger),
attachment theory focuses on the selectivity
of personal relationships providing protection and emotional security.
Fact:» [N] ot only is violence in families pervasive but that both the children who are victims
of violence and those that witness violence that occurs between their parents suffer a great deal and are themselves at risk
of using violence as adults (Jaffe, Wolfe & Wilson, 1990; O'Keefe, 1995; Pagelow, 1993; Saunders, 1994; Johnson, 1996)...
infants suffer from having their basic
needs for
attachment to their mother disrupted or from having the normal routines around sleeping and feeding disrupted... Older children come to see violence as an appropriate way
of dealing with conflict... These children can suffer from serious emotional difficulties...»
According to
attachment theorists, sensitive caregiving implies that regardless
of the innate temperament
of the
infant, whether introverted or extraverted, whether shy or irritable, whether outgoing or confident, the care is adjusted to fit precisely the
need of that particular
infant.
Parents» ability to perceive, interpret and react promptly to their
infants needs and attention, in turn influence the quality
of their
attachment relationships.
Unless child care quality is very poor, or the mother is insensitive to a child's
needs, non-parental child care does not appear to undermine the security
of the
infant — mother
attachment per se, but there are indications that this relationship may be more vulnerable when the mother herself provides less sensitive care and her child experiences poorer quality care, more changes in arrangements or many hours
of care.
Antenatal depression may not only alter development
of stress - related biological systems in the fetus, but may also increase risk
of obstetrical complications.6 Postnatal depression may also be an early life stressor given known associations with lower levels
of sensitive, responsive care
needed for
infants» development
of health
attachment relationships, emotional regulation skills, interpersonal skills and stress response mechanisms.7 Early life stressors, such as those that might be associated with maternal depression, can influence brain development, which continues at a rapid pace at least for several years after birth.8 Problems in any
of these aspects
of development may disrupt the earliest stages
of socio - emotional and cognitive development, predisposing to the later development
of depression or other disorders.
How well the caregiver meets the
needs of the
infant will affect the security
of the
attachment.
Future research
needs to explore the outcomes
of attachment - based parenting, impacts
of parent - led behavioural strategies on
infant well - being, role
of fathers, and alternative approaches for
infants who do not respond to behavioural parenting practices.
Increase awareness
of the dynamics involved in comprehensive assessment
of infants, children and their caregivers, including development, mutual and self - regulatory capacities, and the
attachment relationships, and in the development
of comprehensive service plans to address prevention, early intervention, and treatment
needs;
It was thought that
attachment to the mother occurred because she supplied food and became the object
of the
infant's
attachment through association with feeding and the reduction
of other primary
needs.
Insecure
attachment is logically the result
of the opposite situation - ignoring or inconsistently fulfilling the
infant's
needs.
... but numerous studies
of the psychology
of children show that the «quality»
of infant attachment — the way our mother responded to our
need for comfort, security, attention etc. - is paramount in the shaping
of our personality and how we deal with relationships.
What is
attachment parenting: Future Goal Attachment parenting focuses on quickly and consistently fulfilling your infant's or baby's physical needs (to eat, sleep etc.) and emotional needs (love, attention, security, comfort etc.) to build high self esteem and a basic sense of security, which research has proven is highly beneficial for further positive child de
attachment parenting: Future Goal
Attachment parenting focuses on quickly and consistently fulfilling your infant's or baby's physical needs (to eat, sleep etc.) and emotional needs (love, attention, security, comfort etc.) to build high self esteem and a basic sense of security, which research has proven is highly beneficial for further positive child de
Attachment parenting focuses on quickly and consistently fulfilling your
infant's or baby's physical
needs (to eat, sleep etc.) and emotional
needs (love, attention, security, comfort etc.) to build high self esteem and a basic sense
of security, which research has proven is highly beneficial for further positive child development.
In the case
of attachment theory, Bowlby proposed that
infants become most strongly attached to the caregiver who responds most sensitively to the
infant's
needs.
In contrast Harlow's explanation was that
attachment develops as a result
of the mother providing «tactile comfort», suggesting that
infants have an innate (biological)
need to touch and cling to something for emotional comfort.
Target Population: Parents
of children who are typically developing (
infants through teens) and teachers
of children (toddlers through teens) who are typically - developing; parents, teachers, and service providers
of children with special
needs (
infants through teens), including children with disorders
of attachment, children on the autism spectrum and children exposed to trauma
Other parenting behaviors that make up the
attachment style
of parenting include
infant - focused prenatal activities; breastfeeding, when possible, to encourage closeness and healthy development; maintaining close physical proximity through frequent touch, carrying, and physical contact and stimulation with the
infant; establishing nighttime routines that support an
infant's
need for closeness; and avoiding long caregiver — child separations.
Thus, when separation or loss
of contact occurs, the
infant experiences its
need for
attachment and becomes motivated to seek proximity or contact using communication as one
of the tools.
A policy for
infant / toddler placement that centers on issues
of attachment will better serve the developmental
needs of individual children than one based on the rights
of biological parents.
How these professionals may best support the
needs of parents and which interventions are most beneficial to enhance parental sensitivity and
infant attachment remains a matter
of debate.
We now have an array
of observational methods to evaluate the quality
of the
infant - parent
attachment relationship by the age
of 18 months, before the onset
of more serious behaviour problems.16 Service providers in contact with young families
need more training in using and interpreting these early observational tools.
Fact: Breastfeeding directly from the breast offers significant benefits over bottlefeeding expressed breastmilk for both mother and
infant, including, among others:
infant jaw development,
infant control
of milk flow, psychological
attachment of infant to mother, health benefits for mother that pumping the breast does not achieve,
infant's ability to feed on demand, the stimulation and maintenance
of mother» smilk supply that pumping alone can not achieve (and some women can not successfully pump), avoidance
of problems such as that some babies will not move back and forth easily between bottle and breast, nutritional variation
of milk during the breastfeeding, that it's cheaper and avoids the
need for a variety
of feeding equipment, and that breastmilk from the breast is always fresh and free
of contaminents.
Attachment theory developed by (BowlbyI980a) explained early childhood development and lays tremendous importance that a human infant has a biological need for protective attachment figure for survival and absence of such a figure can cause psychological difficulties in the child's emotion
Attachment theory developed by (BowlbyI980a) explained early childhood development and lays tremendous importance that a human
infant has a biological
need for protective
attachment figure for survival and absence of such a figure can cause psychological difficulties in the child's emotion
attachment figure for survival and absence
of such a figure can cause psychological difficulties in the child's emotional growth.
Maternal support at times
of distress is particularly important in facilitating emotional regulation and with the development
of a secure child - mother
attachment (McElwain and Booth - LaForce 2006; Bigelow et al. 2010) because it allows the
infant to develop a sense
of security that their
needs will be met and provides a model on which they can learn to self - soothe.
Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch - up: addressing the
needs of infants and toddlers exposed to inadequate or problematic caregiving.