The modeling of the volcanic forcings are very handwavy, and the claim that the CO2 forcing goes as ln [CO2], actually is a model result contrary to the claim that all of
the attribution studies only use observations.
For the 4th Assessment Report,
their attribution studies only looked at the 20th century, specifically, 1900 - 1999.
It is common in detection and
attribution studies only to use data where there are observations by reducing the coverage of the models to match that of the data.
Not exact matches
When scientists use climate models for
attribution studies, they first run simulations with estimates of
only «natural» climate influences over the past 100 years, such as changes in solar output and major volcanic eruptions.
As long as we're talking about extreme weather events and
attribution... although Kerry Emanuel is usually the go - to guy for the
study of increasing tropical cyclone intensity, his 2005 and 2011 (linked to above by Stefan) papers being the most cited, there is a limitation of scope in that
only the North Atlantic basin is covered by these papers, AFAIK.
I suspect that there will be considerably more uncertainty attached to this activity than there was to the
attribution of climate change to anthropogenic activity — in part because the
only guides we really have are the models and paleoclimate
studies, both of which are subject to significant uncertainties.
So various of the shortcomings of such climate sensitivity
studies that you allude to also apply to many detection and
attribution studies, as you no doubt appreciate, although problems with biased Bayesian inference apply
only to such climate sensitivity
studies.
Scientists do have better things to do with their time than answer questions raised on climate skeptic blogs, and as a result, you will
only generally be assured of a climate change paper taking a stance on the cause of the change if the subject of the paper is an
attribution study.
How do Levitus et al. do the
attribution part of their
study, when they claim that the warming can
only be explained by the increase in atmospheric GHGs?
IPCC has stated (AR4 WG1 Ch.9) that the «global mean warming observed since 1970 can
only be reproduced when models are forced with combinations of external forcings that include anthropogenic forcings... Therefore modeling
studies suggest that late 20th - century warming is much more likely to be anthropogenic than natural in origin...» whereas for the statistically indistinguishable early 20thC warming period «detection and
attribution as well as modeling
studies indicate more uncertainty regarding the causes of early 20th - century warming.»
Point 17: The Beenstock
study only shows that the correlation of the variability's between T (t) and dCO2 / dt is quite good, it doesn't say anything about the
attribution of the offset and slope of dCO2 / dt, which is anyway from a different process than what caused the variability.
This would mean that the
attribution studies based on the GCMs and their underlying physical models are now the
only method we have for determining if AGW is taking place.
The measure used by TCP is perfectly reasonable, if you understand the nature of scientific publication, and are aware that
attribution studies are
only a small fraction of the papers publiched on climate change.
The claim by advocates seems to be that the
only way to do an
attribution study is with a climate model, which, as Judith notes, is a circular argument.
The one sentence that you cite does not imply that that is the
only thing considered in the
attribution studies, as discussed at length in my essay, although upon reflection I can modify that one sentence.
Implication, then, becomes necessary (unless you'd rather the consensus be based
only on
attribution studies... in which case we get to stop nitpicking and move on to more serious topics, because your pinhole poking project won't have anything to work with).