There were five measures: maternal warmth, described as the degree to which the mother demonstrates positive regard and emotional
support for the child; maternal respect for autonomy, describing the degree to which the mother maintained appropriate control while providing the child the opportunity to negotiate what he / she wanted to do; maternal structure and limit setting, defined as the adequacy with which the mother established her expectations for the child's behavior and demonstrates a capacity for effective
leadership that engenders child compliance; and synchrony / quality of assistance, described as the ability of the mother to assist the child's performance in a manner that protects the child's self - esteem and demonstrates that she is
attuned to the child's needs.