Sentences with phrase «authors accounted for the effects»

The cost - effectiveness ratio declined sharply (to $ 58,431 per QALY) when the authors accounted for the effects of test results on patient worry vs reassurance.

Not exact matches

The authors point out that the literature has a number of methodological limitations, such as measurement and selection bias, and a restricted focus, in which the effects of a limited number of alcohol policies are considered without accounting for other alcohol policies.

«Multiple fault system interactions are not fully considered in seismic hazard analyses, and this study might motivate future modeling efforts to account for these effects,» said Shearer, the senior author of the study.

Lead author Professor Debra Skene from the University of Surrey, said: «Our results show that if we want to develop a diagnostic test for a disease, it is imperative to take the time of day when taking blood samples into account, since this has a significant effect on metabolism.

By solving the equation, the authors have successfully transformed the problem into a much simpler equation, which accounts for the scattering effect of light on the captive atoms.

Related, I should note that in a few places the authors exaggerate how, for example, teachers» effects on their students» achievement are so tangible, without any mention of contrary reports, namely as published by the American Statistical Association (ASA), in which the ASA evidenced that these (oft - exaggerated) teacher effects account for no more than 1 % -14 % of the variance in students» growth scores (see more information here).

Sophisticated authors will look back at promotions over a 3 or 6 month window to aggregate the full effect, and corresponding full cost of their promotional activity, to account for the lag.

With U.S. buyers accounting for more than half the trade in live coral, reef fish and invertebrates, the authors recommend leveraging U.S. market power to reduce the trade's environmental effects.

It is of no little significance that the IPCC's value for the coefficient in the CO2 forcing equation depends on only one paper in the literature; that its values for the feedbacks that it believes account for two - thirds of humankind's effect on global temperatures are likewise taken from only one paper; and that its implicit value of the crucial parameter κ depends upon only two papers, one of which had been written by a lead author of the chapter in question, and neither of which provides any theoretical or empirical justification for a value as high as that which the IPCC adopted.

Where study authors have not dealt appropriately with the cluster design in their analyses, we will extract or calculate effect estimates and their standard errors (SEs) as for a parallel group trial, and adjust the SEs to account for the clustering (Donner 1980).

Another source of concern is how to take into account the 10 % — 20 % of children who are asymptomatic and will later deteriorate, a phenomenon called the «sleeper» effect.3 One way to address this could be, as proposed by the authors, to offer services with a long term orientation, that is not only short term symptom driven approaches but also treatment for those who present themselves at later dates or who present durable problems.

Analyses of findings from an earlier intensive child development program for low birth weight children and their parents (the Infant Health and Development Program) suggest that the cognitive effects for the children were mediated through the effects on parents, and the effects on parents accounted for between 20 and 50 % of the child effects.10 A recent analysis of the Chicago Child Parent Centers, an early education program with a parent support component, examined the factors responsible for the program's significant long - term effects on increasing rates of school completion and decreasing rates of juvenile arrest.11 The authors conducted analyses to test alternative hypotheses about the pathways from the short - term significant effects on children's educational achievement at the end of preschool to these long - term effects, including (a) that the cognitive and language stimulation children experienced in the centres led to a sustained cognitive advantage that produced the long - term effects on the students» behaviour; or (b) that the enhanced parenting practices, attitudes, expectations and involvement in children's education that occurred early in the program led to sustained changes in the home environments that made them more supportive of school achievement and behavioural norms, which in turn produced the long - term effects on the students» behaviour.