Sentences with phrase «available surface observations»

Rich Thompson - Storm Prediction Center The SPC utilizes all available surface observations, in combination with short - term forecasts from the Rapid Refresh (RAP) model, to generate hourly mesoscale analyses of various parameters related to severe thunderstorms and tornadoes.

«These data, together with newly available surface observations from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) from 1990 to present, show that the decline in solar radiation reaching land surfaces seen in earlier data disappears in the 1990's.»

To address those and other questions, the TOAR research team has produced the first - ever global - scale scientific assessment of tropospheric ozone, based on all available surface observations and the peer - reviewed literature.

Not exact matches

«We created the largest database of surface ozone from hourly observations at more than 4,800 monitoring sites worldwide, and we're making these data freely available to anyone who wants to investigate the impact of ozone on human health, vegetation, and climate.»

For global observations since the late 1950s, the most recent versions of all available data sets show that the troposphere has warmed at a slightly greater rate than the surface, while the stratosphere has cooled markedly since 1979.

The TOAR database contains the world's largest collection of ozone metrics, calculated consistently from hourly ozone observations at all available surface monitoring sites around the globe.

While land surface observations go back hundreds of years in a few places, data of sufficient coverage for estimating global temperature have been available only since the end of the 19th century.

For the first time, simultaneous global observations of the ERB and a multitude of cloud, aerosol, and surface properties and atmospheric state data are available with a high degree of precision.»

«In summary, newly available observations from both space - borne and surface - based platforms allow a better quantification of the Global Energy Budget, even though notable uncertainties remain, particularly in the estimation of the non-radiative surface energy balance components.»

It focuses on the changes between 1995 and 2002, over which time good surface radiation budget observations are available.

To conduct its analysis, GISS uses publicly available data from 6,300 meteorological stations around the world; ship - and buoy - based observations of sea surface temperature; and Antarctic research station measurements.

This criterion may not be satisfied if observations are available only over a short time period (as is the case for the vertical structure of clouds), or if the predictor is defined through low - frequency variability (trends, decadal variability), or if there is a lack of consistency among available datasets (as in the case for global - mean precipitation and surface fluxes).

To conduct its analysis, GISS uses publicly available data from three sources: weather data from more than a thousand meteorological stations around the world; satellite observations of sea surface temperature; and Antarctic research station measurements.

Another dataset based on surface observations has also recently become available.

«Major improvements include updated and substantially more complete input data from the ICOADS Release 2.5, revised Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnections (EOTs) and EOT acceptance criterion, updated sea surface temperature (SST) quality control procedures, revised SST anomaly (SSTA) evaluation methods, revised low - frequency data filing in data sparse regions using nearby available observations, updated bias adjustments of ship SSTs using Hadley Nighttime Marine Air Temperature version 2 (HadNMAT2), and buoy SST bias adjustments not previously made in v3b.»

Further details are available from Australian Climate Observations Reference Network — Surface Air Temperature.

The Goddard Institute of Space Science (GISS) global surface temperature anomaly time series is based on observations from publicly available observational data sets rather than models.

Because the GISS analysis combines available sea surface temperature records with meteorological station measurements, we test alternative choices for the ocean data, showing that global temperature change is sensitive to estimated temperature change in polar regions where observations are limited.

Surface observations made at weather stations and onboard ships, dating back over a century, provide the longest available records of cloud cover changes.

It is the first such period for which satellite observations of key variables including sea - surface temperature and sea - ice cover are available to support globally complete meteorological reanalyses such as ERA - Interim.

More information on the manual and automatic practices and processes used by the Bureau to obtain these surface air temperature data is available from Australian Climate Observations Reference Network — Surface Air Temperature (ACORN - SAT) Observation prasurface air temperature data is available from Australian Climate Observations Reference Network — Surface Air Temperature (ACORN - SAT) Observation praSurface Air Temperature (ACORN - SAT) Observation practices.

When partnered with cloud remote sensing observations the radiation measurements and retrievals allow the characterization of cloud and aerosol radiative effects at the surface, which is essential in order to quantify the amount of radiative energy available at the surface to interact with heating the air, evaporating water, and interacting with clouds and greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.

Full details on how the Bureau has prepared ACORN - SAT are available from the technical report Techniques involved in developing the Australian Climate Observations Reference Network — Surface Air Temperature (ACORN - SAT) dataset

However, our understanding of how the ocean impacts the global mean surface temperature is strongly limited by available observations, which historically have consisted primarily of sea surface temperature (SST) measurements.

In the lower atmosphere, the available data points to increasing water vapor content, but because of large variations in local humidity from day to night, from day to day, and from season to season, no - one currently knows exactly how much more water vapor is going into the air (IPCC Working Group 1 Assessment Report 4, Chapter 3, «Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change», page 273).

J. Le Marshall, «The Use of Global AIRS Hyperspectral Observations in Numerical Weather Prediction,» 11th Symposium on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface, 87th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, January 15 - 18, 2007, available at http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/119660.pdf.

This study reconstructs a century - long SAMOC index, from 1870 to present, using sea surface temperature (SST) from 1993 to present, the period for which Expendable Bathythermographs (XBT) and satellite altimetry observations of SAMOC are available.

I prefer to use a reanalysis product as the base rather than gridded observational datasets because the reanalysis product provides a dynamically consistent gridded state estimation that includes assimilation of available surface and satellite observations.