Sentences with phrase «available surface water»

Such an increase means an increase in available surface water and higher, but more moderate surface temperatures.

Groundwater supplies between 30 and 50 percent of California's water supply, depending on precipitation, and represents a storage reservoir that is over three times greater than available surface water storage.

At climateological time scales, the amount of readily available surface water is basically mean annual precipitation minus mean annual evaporation / transpiration.

Not exact matches

Further information on the role of the MDBA in making SDL adjustments is available on their website at: Surface water: Sustainable Diversion Limit (SDL) adjustment mechanism.

Research begun at Princeton University found that the numerous small sea animals that migrate from the surface to deeper water every day consume vast amounts of what little oxygen is available in the ocean's aptly named «oxygen minimum zone» daily.

«We created uniform particles whose surfaces are really well - defined, and we found a water - free production method to maximize the surface gaps available for oxygen scavenging.»

An international team of researchers analyzed the available data taken from all previous studies of the Southern Ocean, together with satellite images taken of the area, to quantify the amount of iron supplied to the surface waters of the Southern Ocean.

But even if a planet is found in this so - called «Goldilocks» zone, where oceans could, in theory, abound, is there actually enough water available to wet the surface?

In their new study, the ETH researchers in the group headed by Sonia Seneviratne's, professor for land - climate dynamics, take into account the specific climatic properties of land surfaces, where the amount of available water is limited when compared with the ocean.

The browning of the forest canopy is consistent with observed decreases in the amount of water available to plants, whether that is in the form of rainfall, water stored in the ground, water in near - surface soils, or water within the vegetation.

«The data, information and knowledge on long - term trends of surface water bodies across the CONUS at high spatial resolution are valuable for planning and management of surface water resources, however, they are not widely available yet,» said Xiao, professor of ecology and remote sensing in the Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, OU College of Arts and Sciences.

«It's hard to study surfaces under water because most available surface science techniques require vacuum conditions, under which water evaporates or freezes,» explains Geiger.

As of late 2011, only ∼ 20,000 data points were available in public databases for the entire Arctic Ocean (surface and water column; data from refs.

Whereas five types of surface (cultivated areas, pastures, forests, fisheries and built environment), planet Earth has approximately 13.4 billion global hectares (gha) of biologically productive land and water according to 2010 data from the Global Footprint Network and humanity's ecological footprint reached the milestone of 2.7 global hectares (gha) per person in 2007 for a world population of 6.7 billion people on the same date (according to the UN)[See Article A terra no limite (Earth in the limit) by José Eustáquio Diniz Alves available on the website < http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/noticia/ambiente/terra-limite-humanidade-recursos-naturais-planeta-situacao-sustentavel-637804.shtml >].

Finally, the available SofTex ® seats have a leather - like surface that is both water - and stain - resistant, so you get extra durability as well as comfort.

With over 70 % of the earth's surface covered in water, it may appear that there is an abundant supply available to sustain us.

If diving is not your thing, or you're bringing small children with you then there are snorkeling tours available, as well as placid canoe tours that allow you to see the reefs from the surface of the water, sailing charters and day trips to the Palau Aquarium at the Palau International Coral Reef Center.

The captain and his crew want to make this all about you and are available to assist you and answer your questions about the tour, life above and below the water surface, and the region in general.

The unusual vibrant colors and patterns in these almost abstract works are natural results produced by the camera through available light, selected camera angles, shifting wind patterns on the water and in the foliage, refracted reflections on the water surface, cropping / zooming for close ups, and fast shutter speeds.

Independent computer models (about 23 or so world - wide, I believe), generally show a warming of the surface and even more in the tropsophere in the tropics due to increased water vapor (warm the air up and it has more available water vapor (a greenhouse gas)..

The argument isn't actually as firm a constraint as generally believed, since the infrared radiative cooling of the atmosphere is affected by the temperature difference between air and the underlying surface, which can adjust to accommodate any amount of evaporation Nature wants to dump into the atmosphere (as shown in Pierrehumbert 1999 («Subtropical water vapor...» available here)-RRB-.

No surface water lakes or reservoirs are available for this critical generation need.

Most of the West's surface water comes from snowpack, which is declining as more precipitation falls as rain and snowpack melts earlier, leaving less water available for summer when it is needed most.

Because water vapor condenses into clouds, which always reduce the insolation available for thermalizing the surface, its temperature need NOT necessarily rise in re-establishing steady climatic states after some perturbation in backradiation.

The authors postulated that this warm salty water (WSW) layer, situated beneath the colder surface freshwater in the North Atlantic, generated ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE) over decades at the end of HS1.

Even if ALL the OCEAN ICE around the POLAR REGIONS does «melt», the newly warmed sub-artic regions, verdant with streams and rivers, will take up much of the release to increase the proportion of FRESH LIQUID water available on a now EXTENDED verdant land surface.

Surface soil moisture is the water that is in the upper 10 cm of soil, whereas root zone soil moisture is the water that is available to plants, which is generally considered to be in the upper 200 cm of soil.

I go one step further and say even 1.1 C is the theoretical maximum over dry land and where there's water available to evaporate sensitivity at the surface where we live and breathe is much less.

Researchers in the historical Beaver Creek experiments hypothesized that lower tree densities associated with thinning would reduce evapotranspiration losses, and thereby allow more water to be available for soil moisture, groundwater recharge, and surface water runoff [29].

Monthly summaries of precipitation, the relative humidity of surface air and the volumetric moisture content (the percentage of water per unit volume) of the uppermost 7 cm of soil are available from April 2017 onwards.

One result of this stability is that as the summer wears on, there is less and less oxygen below the thermocline, as the water below the thermocline never circulates to the surface, and organisms in the water deplete the available oxygen.

This has never been demonstrated, there is no evidence at all that it exists, and all the available evidence says the basic heating effect of CO2 is 1.1 C per doubling is all there is and that much warming only happens in very dry environments with increasingly less surface warming where water is available to evaporate.

Monthly summaries of volumetric moisture content (the percentage of water per unit volume) of the soil surface (upper ~ 5 cm) are available from January 1991 - December 2017.

Where there's water available to evaporatively cool the surface the primary effect is the CO2 forcing causing the cloud deck to rise about 100 meters per doubling.

Surface waters are now left with few nutrients available.

Not at all once you realize that greenhouse gas warming is inversely proportional to how much liquid water is available for evaporation on the surface.

So on condensation, under the still rising hotter lighter air carrying on doing its thing and perhaps adding new layers, there would be the accompanying volume and temperature decrease of that first previously rising lighter volume now heavier liquid water and added to by the adjacent volumes of heavier colder air flowing beneath the still rising lighter hotter and into the space now available on condensation of its neighbour, which all now being heavier will increase the pressure at the surface as they all sink together displacing the lighter.

Differences in available energy, canopy roughness, the timing of physiological functioning, water holding capacity of the soil and rooting depth of the vegetation explained the observed differences in sensible and latent heat exchange of the contrasting vegetation surfaces.

Warmer water surfaces from extra downwelling infra red can not cause warming of the ocean bulk because the rate of evaporation increases proportionately to the extra energy available and the latent heat of evaporation is then taken mostly from the water.It is then no longer available to warm the ocean bulk.

When partnered with cloud remote sensing observations the radiation measurements and retrievals allow the characterization of cloud and aerosol radiative effects at the surface, which is essential in order to quantify the amount of radiative energy available at the surface to interact with heating the air, evaporating water, and interacting with clouds and greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere.

In the lower atmosphere, the available data points to increasing water vapor content, but because of large variations in local humidity from day to night, from day to day, and from season to season, no - one currently knows exactly how much more water vapor is going into the air (IPCC Working Group 1 Assessment Report 4, Chapter 3, «Observations: Surface and Atmospheric Climate Change», page 273).

However, water temperatures (SSTs, sea surface temperatures) are available from ship and buoy reports, and more recently there are also SST estimates derived from satellite data.

Most natural substances soak up oil, and the few that repel it also repel water because water has a higher surface tension... The new coating is a blend of a rubbery, commercially - available polymer and a novel nanoparticle.

This may be the key question — is the heat transfer coefficient between the moving cool air and the barrel water sufficient with the available barrel surface are to get a useful amount of heat extracted from the barrels?

However, much less than 30 % of that reaches the surface and is available for surface heating because of scattering and absorption by the atmosphere and scattering by clouds; it is probably even lower for the oceans because of equatorial cloudiness and plankton using light for photosynthesis instead of it resulting in heating of the water.

Dry and Worn Cutting Board Revive a worn board by warming a bottle of mineral oil (available at drugstores) in a bowl of hot water, then wiping the oil onto the surface with a soft cloth.

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There's something intensely comforting about watching her bustle around my office in the afternoons, watering the pot plants she's perched on every available surface, to «clear the toxins out of that nasty air - conditioning».

But recently tremendous advances in paint technology mean that water - based formulas, especially the high - performing acrylics, are available for all surfaces, from woodwork to metal, and for interior and exterior use.