Sentences with phrase «average atmospheric concentration»

Half of the human emissions «disappear» right away, since on average the atmospheric concentration increase is about half the human emission; so the «residence time» of this fraction is 0.

The Korea Meteorological Administration announced that the average atmospheric concentration of particulate matter measuring 10 micrometers (PM10) on the day was 228 micrograms per cubic meter, the most dangerous level in its five - level air pollution scale.

(For comparison, in 2014, average atmospheric concentration of the gas was about 398.5 ppm and had risen about 2.1 ppm each year in the previous decade.)

Global - average atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide rose to 389 parts per million in 2010, 39 % higher than at the start of the industrial era in 1750.

Not exact matches

Curiously, the decline in atmospheric oxygen over the past 800,000 years was not accompanied by any significant increase in the average amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, though carbon dioxide concentrations do vary over individual ice age cycles.

Averaged over the entire globe, it's one - fourth as large as the heating caused by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations during the same period.

«(A) describe increased risks to natural systems and society that would result from an increase in global average temperature 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) above the pre-industrial average or an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations above 450 parts per million carbon dioxide equivalent; and

These rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have led to an increase in global average temperatures of ~ 0.2 °C decade — 1, much of which has been absorbed by the oceans, whilst the oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 has led to major changes in surface ocean pH (Levitus et al., 2000, 2005; Feely et al., 2008; Hoegh - Guldberg and Bruno, 2010; Mora et al., 2013; Roemmich et al., 2015).

The average temperature has risen, atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gas have risen, and the latter has probably contributed to the former.

Future projections show that, for most scenarios assuming no additional GHG emission reduction policies, atmospheric concentrations of GHGs are expected to continue climbing for most if not all of the remainder of this century, with associated increases in average temperature.

Taking account of their historic responsibility, as well as the need to secure climate justice for the world's poorest and most vulnerable communities, developed countries must commit to legally binding and ambitious emission reduction targets consistent with limiting global average surface warming to well below 1.5 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels and long - term stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations at well below below 350 p.p.m., and that to achieve this the agreement at COP15 U.N.F.C.C.C. should include a goal of peaking global emissions by 2015 with a sharp decline thereafter towards a global reduction of 85 percent by 2050,

It's been estimated by the same that an average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of 450ppm would produce such an increase.

And although emissions were recently near the top of the range that has been covered6, the changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration follow long - term average emissions rather than short - term variations.

Because of the increase in CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere a higher average temperature is maintained through simple atmospheric radiative effects.

The DICE model attempts to quantify how the atmospheric concentration of CO2 negatively affects economic output through its impact on global average surface temperature.

The Scripps CO2 Group, which manages the Keeling Curve record of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, reported this week that the average concentration of CO2 at Mauna Loa was 404.16 ppm for February.

radiative forcing a change in average net radiation at the top of the troposphere resulting from a change in either solar or infrared radiation due to a change in atmospheric greenhouse gases concentrations; perturbance in the balance between incoming solar radiation and outgoing infrared radiation

«It is possible that an increase in concentration of atmospheric gases which absorb the outgoing infrared radiation could result in a rise in average global temperature,» William McCollam, Jr., then president of EEI, admitted to Congress in 1989.

Requires the President, if the NAS report finds that emission reduction targets are not on schedule or that global actions will not maintain safe global average surface temperature and atmospheric GHG concentration thresholds, to submit a plan by July 1, 2015, to Congress identifying domestic and international actions that will achieve necessary additional GHG reductions.

«(A) describe increased risks to natural systems and society that would result from an increase in global average temperature 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) above the pre-industrial average or an increase in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations above 450 parts per million carbon dioxide equivalent; and

-- In the event that the Administrator or the National Academy of Sciences has concluded, in the most recent report submitted under section 705 or 706 respectively, that the United States will not achieve the necessary domestic greenhouse gas emissions reductions, or that global actions will not maintain safe global average surface temperature and atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration thresholds, the President shall, not later than July 1, 2015, and every 4 years thereafter, submit to Congress a plan identifying domestic and international actions that will achieve necessary additional greenhouse gas reductions, including any recommendations for legislative action.

For the first time, scientists measured an average concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide of 400 parts per million in Mauna Loa, Hawaii, where the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration observatory is located, on Thursday.

Global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have now passed 400 parts per million (ppm), a level that last occurred about 3 million years ago, when both global average temperature and sea level were significantly higher than today.

Urban pollution concentrations depend on the magnitude of local emissions sources and the prevailing meteorological ventilation of the area — i.e., the height of the atmospheric layer through which the pollutants are being mixed and the average wind speed through that layer.

The modelers ignored the evidence from direct measurements of CO2 in atmospheric air indicating that in 19th century its average concentration was 335 ppmv [11](Figure 2).

Figure 2: Average global temperature (blue), Antarctic temperature (red), and atmospheric CO2 concentration (yellow dots).

The atmospheric CO2 concentration was 390 ppm in 2011 on average, 40 % above the concentration at the start of the Industrial Revolution (about 278 ppm in 1750).

With such a methodology, the average annual direct flood damage for three Australian drainage basins was projected to increase by a factor of four to ten under conditions of doubled atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Schreider et al., 2000).

So I integrated the SST data over time to get the cumulative data and plotted it against the average atmospheric CO2 concentration from Mauna Loa.

Nothing, right... except when you consider that the radiative forcing due to doubling of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is only about 3.7 W / m ², and that's expected to change the average surface temperature by about 3 °C, eventually ³.

True, ice cores vary fairly slowly, probably because they represent a several hundred year averaging (due to diffusion plus an unknown decrease due to absorption) in actual atmospheric concentrations.

The average temperature back then was approx. 1 °C higher than today (with atmospheric CO2 concentrations 35 % lower).

On Wednesday, scientists at the University of California in San Diego confirmed that April's monthly average atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration breached 410 parts per million for the first time in our history.

In fact, CFC - 11 and CFC - 12 atmospheric concentrations only rose by 2 and 9 ppb per year from 1988 to 1998, respectively, on average.

This conflates the average lifetime of a single molecule with the decay of atmospheric concentration following an increase above equilibrium levels.

«THERE IS a good, but by no means certain, chance that the world's average climate will become significantly warmer during the next century, because of the increasing atmospheric concentrations of infrared - absorbing and re-radiating, so - called «greenhouse»» gases.»

Consistent with this, the annual average atmospheric CO2 measurement stations in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) record slightly higher CO2 concentrations than stations in the Southern Hemisphere (SH).

Estimates of projected future atmospheric and oceanic CO2 concentrations indicate that, by the end of this century, the average surface ocean pH could be 0.2 to 0.4 lower than it is today.

It is because the air has a vertical temperature lapse rate and a thickness much above the average infrared photon path length that the greenhouse effect exists and increases with the concentration of the greenhouse gases: see «The atmospheric greenhouse effect is more subtle than you believe» in La Météorologie (n ° 72 February 2011)

Sadly, you have conflated the average time that an individual CO2 molecule stays in the atmosphere before being replaced (called airborne residence time) with the time it takes the CO2 concentration to return to pre-pulse values after the addition of a pulse of CO2 to the atmosphere (called e-folding time or pulse decay time or atmospheric lifetime).

Since about 1750, the release of CO2 from industrial and agricultural activities has resulted in global average atmospheric CO2 concentrations that have increased from 278 to 390.5 ppm in 2011.

I presume that your work would in some sense improve the curve of ice age as a function of depth, as well as the conversion from sample concentration to atmospheric average.

Actually, the Mauna Loa results indicate that atmospheric CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has on average been increasing by approximately 2.3 ppm year - over-year for the past several years.

By 2100, they claim, the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration will double, causing the average temperature on Earth to increase by 1.9 °C to 5.2 °C, and in the polar region by more than 12 °C.

ECS is the increase in the global annual mean surface temperature caused by an instantaneous doubling of the atmospheric concentration of CO2 relative to the pre-industrial level after the model relaxes to radiative equilibrium, while the TCR is the temperature increase averaged over 20 years centered on the time of doubling at a 1 % per year compounded increase.

Crok is a freelance science writer from The Netherlands and Lewis, an independent climate scientist, was an author on two recent important papers regarding the determination of the earth's equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS)-- that is, how much the earth's average surface temperature will rise as a result of a doubling of the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide.

There are two prominent and undeniable examples of the models» insufficiencies: 1) climate models overwhelmingly expected much more warming to have taken place over the past several decades than actually occurred; and 2) the sensitivity of the earth's average temperature to increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations (such as carbon dioxide) averages some 60 percent greater in the IPCC's climate models than it does in reality (according to a large and growing collection of evidence published in the scientific literature).

[A] now - classic set of General Circulation Model (GCM) experiments ¬ produced global average surface temperature changes (due to doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration) ranging from 1.9 °C to 5.4 °C, simply by altering the way that cloud radiative properties were treated in the model.

The annual average is about 0.25 of the peak — but you expect as well that the reflected SW would not vary as much as you suggest albedo of oceans being influenced by «solar zenith angle, wind speed, transmission by atmospheric cloud / aerosol, and ocean chlorophyll concentration.»

For a conversion factor of 2.78 Tg (CH4) per ppb and an atmospheric concentration of 1,774 ppb, the atmospheric burden of CH4 in 2005 was 4,932 Tg, with an annual average increase (2000 — 2005) of about 0.6 Tg yr — 1.