Sentences with phrase «average cranial»

Finally, this error did not «demote» blacks: the rank ordering of groups by average cranial capacity remains «White / Indian / Black» whether «Indians» are 80 in3 or 82 in3.

In Morton's initial seed - based 1839 study, «Caucasians» had the largest average cranial capacity (87 in3) followed by «Mongolians [Asians]» (83 in3), «Malays [Island Southeast Asia]» (81 in3), «[Native] Americans» (80 in3), and «Ethiopians [Africans]» (78 in3)[8].

Gould's claim that Morton had mismeasured crania based on race derived from his comparison of Morton's seed - based and lead shot — based measurements, with different races experiencing different changes in their average cranial capacity between the two methods [1].

The changes in average cranial capacity from Morton's seed - based measurements to shot - based measurements can not be reconstructed with any certainty, incorporate erroneous seed measurements made by Morton's assistant, yielded a broad range of changes (− 10 to +12 in3) hidden by Gould's mean, and are confounded by the shifts in sample composition (circa 50 %) between the two rounds of measurement.

For example, Gould published an erroneously low Caucasian average cranial capacity, and an erroneously high Native American average, due to mistakes in how he used Morton's data.

Not exact matches

Gould noted that the range of cranial volumes in the relevant subset, which made an average of 80 impossible, was «clearly indicated right alongside» the smudged number, but «I never saw the inconsistency — presumably because a low value of 80 fit my hopes for a depressed Caucasian mean.

Gould, noting that Morton had overreported average Native American cranial size in one table, had speculated that Morton did so because it «demoted blacks» and thereby «provided so much satisfaction that Morton never thought of checking himself.»

Morton did not consider the influence of sex or stature on cranial capacity, but it would have been impossible for him to use those parameters to bias the averages he reported (see Box 3).

In this regard, it is essentially impossible for Morton to have exploited sexual differences in cranial capacity to alter population averages.

It is doubtful that Morton equated cranial capacity and intelligence [6], [13], calling into question his motivation for manipulating capacity averages.

In particular, cranial capacity variation in human populations appears to be largely a function of climate, so, for example, the full range of average capacities is seen in Native American groups, as they historically occupied the full range of latitudes [18].

Such clinical signs can vary with patient age, with mean ages at diagnosis averaging between 2 and 5 years for dogs6 - 8 and 37 and 40 months for cats.2, 3 Signs can worsen if body weight is increased, articular cartilage damage is present, and if there is concurrent cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture.9 Affected cats have shown signs of intermittent locking of the stifle after extension and can have a shuffling or crouching gait.