Sentences with phrase «average emission factors»

When the total energy in Btu from coal consumption by State is known (with no breakdown by coal - consuming sector), the State average emission factors can be used to estimate the total amount of carbon dioxide emissions by State.

The (arithmetic) average emission factors obtained from the individual samples (assuming complete combustion)(Table FE4)(10) confirm the long - recognized finding that anthracite emits the largest amount of carbon dioxide per million Btu, followed by lignite, subbituminous coal, and bituminous coal.

Overall, in MISO, average emission factors are generally higher than marginal estimates (typical difference: ∼ 20 %).

Here, we estimate average emission factors and marginal emission factors for CO ₂, SO ₂, and NOx from fossil and nonfossil generators in the Midcontinent Independent System Operator (MISO) region during years 2007 — 2016.

There's an under - bias in my numbers due to self consumption at power plants and especially because average emission factors understate emissions from older and smaller (higher heat rate and thus higher emissions) plants that have disproportionately been the ones shut down or not dispatched.

Similarly, Fonterra said GRAIN's average emissions factor estimate is more than double the amount used by the New Zealand dairy industry.

The grid average emissions factor for electricity in this country is, roughly, 1.3 pounds per kwh.

This means that the true environmental benefit of an energy efficiency program may be ∼ 20 % smaller than anticipated if one were to use average emissions factors.

Not exact matches

These factors allow the firm to analyze things like hours of operation, transportation coverage, reliability, efforts to lower emissions and congestion, and average time spent commuting.

In this study, we created new per - animal emissions factors — that is measures of the average amount of CH4 discharged by animals into the atmosphere — and new estimates of global livestock methane emissions.»

And then you look at a place like China, which is just now — despite it's phenomenal growth in recent decades at 9 or 10 percent per year — is just now reaching about the per capita world average on all those factors, energy consumption, wealth and CO2 emissions, and they clearly want to do more.

However, emission factors for Chinese coal were on average 40 per cent lower than the default levels recommended by the IPCC.

The 2015 edition of the EPA's annual report «Light - Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, and Fuel Economy Trends» estimates the following utility factors for 2015 model year plug - in hybrids to represent the percentage of miles that will be driven using electricity by an average driver, whether in electric only or blended modes: 83 % for the BMW i3 REx, 66 % for the Chevrolet Volt, 45 % for the Ford Energi models, 43 % for the McLaren P1, 37 % for the BMW i8, and 29 % for the Toyota Prius PHV.

But the final horsepower rating will be determined by corporate average fuel economy and emissions factors.

Similarly, average factors probably overstate emissions from gas plants since much of the erosion in coal's base load share has come from the most efficient gas - fired power plants.

And, that just coincidently, the rate of the rise has consistently been (when averaged over a few year period to smooth out variability due to seasonal cycles and other factors) equal to about half of the emissions of CO2 that we are putting into the atmosphere?

Suppressing the contribution from anthropogenic SO2 emissions leads the domain - wide average concentrations of H2SO4 to decrease by a factor of 60 and the peak concentrations by a factor of 85 but not to zero, due to the continuing contribution from OSCs.

-- Where it is not possible to determine the precise electricity emissions intensity factor for an entity using the methodology in clause (i), the person selling electricity shall use the monthly average data reported by the Energy Information Administration or collected and reported by the Administrator for the utility serving the entity to determine the electricity emissions intensity factor.

This factor, when multiplied times the amount of reduction in tropospheric aerosol emissions, between 1975 and another later year will give the average global temperature for that year (per NASA's J - D land - ocean temperature index values) to within less than a tenth of a degree C. of actuality (when temporary natural variations due to El Nino's, La Nina's, and volcanic eruptions are accounted for).

-- In establishing standards applicable to emissions of greenhouse gases pursuant to this section and sections 202 (a), 213 (a)(4) and (5), and 231 (a), the Administrator may establish provisions for averaging, banking, and trading of greenhouse gas emissions credits within or across classes or categories of motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines, nonroad vehicles and engines (including marine vessels), and aircraft and aircraft engines, to the extent the Administrator determines appropriate and considering the factors appropriate in setting standards under those sections.

We'd need around 2,000 GW of nuclear capacity (at average 90 % capacity factor) to avoid 13 Gt of the 15 Gt of CO2 emissions from coal fired electricity generation in 2055.

Fleet average global warming emissions, meanwhile, continue to be a differentiating factor in the rankings.

The researchers looked at mean sea levels, tides, wave energy, storm surge and all the other factors likely to be affected by climate change, to reckon that, without concerted international action to reduce greenhouse emissions, extreme sea levels along the European coasts could reach 81cms on average by 2100.

Figure 2.3: Observed global average changes (black line), model simulations using only changes in natural factors (solar and volcanic) in green, and model simulations with the addition of human - induced emissions (blue).

Changes in CO2 emissions attributed to Kaya Identity factors from 2015 to 2016 compared with the trend from the prior decade: This figure gives context to the most recent year ‐ to ‐ year change by comparing it to the average change for key parameters over the previous decade.

The default emission factors are averages based on the most extensive data sets available and they are largely identical to those used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chage (IPCC), the premier authority on accounting practices at the national level.

The actual emissions generated by charging an EV can also depend on factors not considered in this analysis, including but not limited to the electric utility you choose (we average emissions from all electric utilities in a given region), presence of home solar panels, voluntary purchase of lower - emission electricity, individual driving behavior, and the time of day that the vehicle is recharged.

would increase Arctic CH4 emissions by about a factor of 25, and would make the present - day permafrost area about two times more productive of CH4 on average as comes from wetlands today.

The second column of values compares the electricity generation + tailpipe emissions to the tailpipe emissions of the US average car (the first column is based on total emissions including the 1.25 factor for gasoline).

Because lower rank coals have relatively high carbon dioxide emission factors, increased use of these coals caused the national average carbon dioxide emission factor to rise from 206.5 pounds per million Btu in 1980 to 207.6 pounds per million Btu in 1992.

The majority of the world's people live at what would be considered desperate poverty levels in developed countries, the average per capita material and energy use in developed countries is higher than in developing countries by a factor of 5 to 10 [25], and the developed countries are responsible for over three quarters of cumulative greenhouse gas emissions from 1850 to 2000 [85].