Thirteen years of GRACE data provide an excellent picture of the current mass changes of Greenland and Antarctica, with mass loss in the GRACE period 2002 - 15 amounting to 265 ± 25 GT / yr for Greenland (including peripheral ice caps), and 95 ± 50 GT / year for Antarctica, corresponding to 0.72 mm / year and 0.26 mm / year
average global sea level change.
Not exact matches
We have much better — and more conclusive — evidence for climate
change from more boring sources like
global temperature
averages, or the extent of
global sea ice, or thousands of years» worth of C02
levels stored frozen in ice cores.
Of course, while short - term
changes in
sea level can be predicted fairly accurately based on the motions of the moon and sun, it is a lot harder predicting the ups and downs of the
average global surface temperature — there is a lot of noise, or natural variation, in the system.
The major carbon producers data can be applied to climate models to derive the carbon input's effect on climate
change impacts including
global average temperature,
sea level rise, and extreme events such as heat waves.
Since the 19th century,
sea level has shot up more than 2 millimeters per year on
average, far faster than other periods of
global temperature
change.
Third, using a «semi-empirical» statistical model calibrated to the relationship between temperature and
global sea -
level change over the last 2000 years, we find that, in alternative histories in which the 20th century did not exceed the
average temperature over 500-1800 CE,
global sea -
level rise in the 20th century would (with > 95 % probability) have been less than 51 % of its observed value.
You have «What is the likelihood that
global average sea level will rise more during this century than the current worst - case scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change?»
For example, if this contribution were to grow linearly with
global average temperature
change, the upper ranges of
sea level rise for SRES scenarios shown in Table SPM - 3 would increase by 0.1 m to 0.2 m. Larger values can not be excluded, but understanding of these effects is too limited to assess their likelihood or provide a best estimate or an upper bound for
sea level rise.
For example, the latest (fifth) assessment report from the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) projects that the
global average sea level rise over the course of the 21st century would be in the range of 10 to 32 inches, with a mean value of about 19 inches.
The most severe impacts of climate
change — damaging and often deadly drought,
sea -
level rise, and extreme weather — can only be avoided by keeping
average global temperatures within 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F) of pre-industrial
levels.
The
global average sea level has already risen by about eight inches since 1901, with up to another two and a half feet of
sea level rise possible by 2100, according to the most recent projections from the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change.
Salinity
changes within the ocean also have a significant impact on the local density and thus local
sea level, but have little effect on
global average sea level change.
► Eustatic
sea -
level rise is a
change in
global average sea level brought about by an increase in the volume of the world ocean.
Sea level equivalent (SLE)- The change in global average sea level that would occur if a given amount of water or ice were added to or removed from the ocea
Sea level equivalent (SLE)- The
change in
global average sea level that would occur if a given amount of water or ice were added to or removed from the ocea
sea level that would occur if a given amount of water or ice were added to or removed from the oceans.
Sea - level projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), by our research group and by others indicate that global average sea level at the end of the century would likely be about 1 - 2.5 feet higher under the Paris path than in 20
Sea -
level projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC), by our research group and by others indicate that
global average sea level at the end of the century would likely be about 1 - 2.5 feet higher under the Paris path than in 20
sea level at the end of the century would likely be about 1 - 2.5 feet higher under the Paris path than in 2000.
Both the observations of mass balance and the estimates based on temperature
changes (Table 11.4) indicate a reduction of mass of glaciers and ice caps in the recent past, giving a contribution to
global -
average sea level of 0.2 to 0.4 mm / yr over the last hundred years.
I've looked at the
global average salinity data at NODC and there is a clear correlation between inter-annual salinity variability and inter-annual
sea level change, such that salinity increases at the same time as SL decreases.
The most recent report from the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change projected a
global average sea level rise of between about one to three feet, although that report did not take the new findings on Antarctic ice melt into account.
At last, a responsible government has recognised that
global average sea -
level change is no more relevant to coastal management than
average global temperatures are to the design of residential heating and cooling systems — local weather and local
sea -
level change is what matters.
9 9
Global mean temperature
Global average sea level Northern hemisphere snow cover Observations of recent climate
change
Climate
change is the long - term
average of a region's weather events lumped together.There are some effects of greenhouse gases and
global warming: melting of ice caps, rising
sea levels,
change in climatic patterns, spread diseases, economic consequences, increased droughts and heat waves.
Observed
changes in (a)
global average surface temperature; (b)
global average sea level rise from tide gauge (blue) and satellite (red) data and (c) Northern Hemisphere snow cover for March - April.
The evidence comes from direct measurements of rising surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures and, indirectly, from increases in
average global sea levels, retreating glaciers, and
changes in many physical and biological systems.
The major carbon producers data can be applied to climate models to derive the carbon input's effect on climate
change impacts including
global average temperature,
sea level rise, and extreme events such as heat waves.
Models agree on the qualitative conclusion that the range of regional variation in
sea level change is substantial compared to
global average sea level rise.
Since the IPCC Third Assessment, many additional studies, particularly in regions that previously had been little researched, have enabled a more systematic understanding of how the timing and magnitude of impacts may be affected by
changes in climate and
sea level associated with differing amounts and rates of
change in
global average temperature.
Global average sea levels have risen roughly 19 centimeters (7.5 inches) since the 19th century, after 2,000 years of relatively little
change.
This is predicted to produce
changes such as the melting of glaciers and ice sheets, more extreme temperature ranges, significant
changes in weather conditions and a
global rise in
average sea levels.
Putting it into the human - caused «climate
change» context, this
global mean of long - term
sea level trend has clearly not been a function of the rapidly rising CO2
levels (see chart's plot of moving 360 - month
average of atmospheric CO2
levels).
Amrit Banstola: The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) stated that — warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from scientific observations of increases in
global average temperature, melting of snow and ice, and rising of
global average sea level.
Despite the surge in CO2 concentrations since 1900, the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) has concluded that
global sea levels only rose by an
average of 1.7 mm / yr during the entire 1901 - 2010 period, which is a rate of just 0.17 of a meter per century.
You know, I would have a lot less trouble believing climate scientists could actually measure
changes in
global average sea level to within a milimeter, if I didn't know how badly they overstate their confidence in «
global average temperature» in all its many manifestations, with all its many assumptions, models and WAGs.
When land ice melts and flows into the oceans
global sea levels rise on
average; when
sea ice melts
sea levels do not
change measurably.
Coupled with the
average climate -
change — driven rate of sea level rise over these same 25 y of 2.9 mm / y, simple extrapolation of the quadratic implies global mean sea level could rise 65 ± 12 cm by 2100 compared with 2005, roughly in agreement with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report (AR5) model projec
change — driven rate of
sea level rise over these same 25 y of 2.9 mm / y, simple extrapolation of the quadratic implies
global mean
sea level could rise 65 ± 12 cm by 2100 compared with 2005, roughly in agreement with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report (AR5) model projec
Change (IPCC) 5th Assessment Report (AR5) model projections.
After about 2,000 years of little
change,
global sea level rose over the past century at an
average rate of 1.7 millimeters per year.
...
Averaged over the
global ocean surface, the mean rate of
sea level change due to GIA is independently estimated from models at -0.3 mm / yr (Peltier, 2001, 2002, 2009; Peltier & Luthcke, 2009).
For instance: I was looking at what the AMSU instruments (http://discover.itsc.uah.edu/amsutemps) at
sea -
level are showing and their equivalent temperature has always hovered about 294.75 K ± 0.25 K for
global average, not 288 as Trenberth assumes as the mean
global average temperature of the surface, so, just
change it and see the effect.
Some regions show a
sea level rise substantially more than the
global average (in many cases of more than twice the
average), and others a
sea level fall (Table 11.15)(note that these figures do not include
sea level rise due to land ice
changes).