Sentences with phrase «average heat rate»

This increase in ocean heat content corresponds to an average heating rate of 0.21 ± 0.04 W m — 2 for the Earth's surface.

This increase in ocean heat content corresponds to an average heating rate of 0.21 ± 0.04 W m — 2 for the Earth's surface.

Not exact matches

Average fruit width was 0.6 inches, fruit length was 5.8 inches, and the heat level was rated at 15,989 SHU.

Then take an average of all the ratings for each sauce and that would give a relative indication of the heat level of each sauce.

With an average Scoville Heat Unit rating of almost 1.5 Million Scoville units, Guiness Book of...

The combination of unprecedented heat, dryness, and suffocating haze doubled death rates to an average of 700 people a day.

A study of the 1995 heat wave in Chicago found higher - than - average mortality rates in areas where businesses were run - down, and dominated by liquor stores and bars.

b, Net TOA flux from CERES, ERA - Interim reanalysis and the one standard deviation about the 2001 — 2010 average of 15 CMIP3 models (grey bar) are anchored to an estimate of Earth's heating rate for July 2005 — June 2010.

a, Global annual average (July to June) net TOA flux from CERES observations and 0 — 700 and 0 — 1,800 m ocean heating rates from PMEL / JPL / JIMAR.

During the second go - round, when the participants were instructed to meditate, they rated the exact same pain stimulus — a 120 - degree heat on their calves — as being 57 % less unpleasant and 40 % less intense, on average.

The debate of charters over traditional public schools appears to be most heated in Rutherford County, a rural manufacturing community in the Blue Ridge Mountains foothills with unemployment rates nearly twice the state average.

To repair aging classrooms, ensure student health, safety and achievement and keep pace with technology, upgrade aging plumbing, electrical, lighting, heating / ventilation, safety / security systems, shall this Hawthorne School District measure be adopted to repair, construct, acquire classrooms, sites / equipment, and issue $ 59,000,000 in bonds, at legal rates, levy on average 3 cents / $ 100 assessed value ($ 3,000,000 annually) while bonds are outstanding, require independent audits / oversight, and all money for local schools?»

yield: 2.2 %; TSINetwork Rating: Above Average; www.utc.com) has four main businesses: Climate, Controls & Security makes Carrier heating and air - conditioning... Read More

Her average heat score is more than a point higher than Peterson's, and her heat win rate is 25 percent higher, too.

Over 788900 users rating a average 4.3 of 5 about Jungle Heat: War of Clans.

If it would warm 5 degrees this century, which seem quite possible, that would be about 100 times faster than the average rate during the last deglaciation, although I suppose ocean heat content rises somewhat slower.

There's an under - bias in my numbers due to self consumption at power plants and especially because average emission factors understate emissions from older and smaller (higher heat rate and thus higher emissions) plants that have disproportionately been the ones shut down or not dispatched.

Using satellite radiation balance measurements and ocean heaing measurements the earth appears to be gaining heat at a rate of 0.6 Watts / M2 on average.

Learn more: Historical average annual heat rates for fossil fuel and nuclear power plants Average annual heat rates for specific types of fossil - fuel generators and nuclear poweraverage annual heat rates for fossil fuel and nuclear power plants Average annual heat rates for specific types of fossil - fuel generators and nuclear powerAverage annual heat rates for specific types of fossil - fuel generators and nuclear power plants

The average operating heat rate for gas - fired power plants is about 21 % lower than coal - fired electric generation facilities, creating less CO2 emissions.

According to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, geothermal units have an average equipment life of 25 years while the underground loop system has a rated material life of more than 100 years.

Abstract Extreme heat events are associated with spikes in mortality, yet death rates are on average highest during the coldest months of the year.

The rate of heat uptake by the ocean provides the link between the SST and global average temperature.

In some regions, there is evidence that the hottest temperatures may increase at a faster rate than the average, further stacking the deck in favor of extreme heat.

As a result of the build - up of heat - trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere — due to our burning of fossil fuels, cutting down trees and other activities — global average temperature is now changing at a faster rate than at least over the past 1,000 years.

A combined set of conditions including a permafrost thaw line moving rapidly northward, increasing record heat, temperatures that are rising at a rate twice that of the global average, and deadwood multiplying invasive species are just a few of the ways climate change enhances fire risk.

The official plant rating is 182.5 MW with a heat rate of 6,382 Btu / kWh (LHV) at an average annual ambient temperature of 36F.

But it appears that the state's powerful union sector is feeling the heat from its members and employers, angered that energy - rich California now has the «lower 48's» highest average electric utility rates for residential, commercial, industrial and transportation at 17.55 cents per kilowatt hour.

«TCR and ECS are calculated by regressing ensemble - average decadal mean forcing or forcing minus ocean heat content change rate against ensemble - average temperature change.»

Moving the current average global efficiency rate of coal - fired power plants, which supply the heat to convert water (or CO2) to steam, from today's 33 percent to 40 percent by deploying more advanced technology could cut CO2 emissions every year by 2 gigatons, which is equivalent to India's annual CO2 emissions, according to the World Coal Association.

Well then it would be like the passive solar hot water system that does not have a defined lapse rate but does convect under a varying heat source and averages a greater temperature than the ambient local temperature (which has the GHG effect included already).

It should be the algebra for «net rate of heat flow out of equals the time and frequency averaged outward direct flux of the Poynting vector integrated over that surface».

This supports the hypothesis that cirrus radiative heating contributes substantially to the average tropical TST rates.

If the temperatures had been above average, there would have been more surface melt and heating of the ocean surface layer; this would have accelerated the melt rate of the ice.

Many of the mechanisms are like that — the tides, the direct inductive heating, the heating caused by the days influx of falling meteorites — which incidentally is far greater than the rate of heat loss through outgassing, as meteoric dust and matter infalls at an average rate of at least millimeters per decade, from my own direct measurements — they have «impressively» large amounts of annual energy associated with them, right up to where you divide by the surface area of the earth and the number of seconds in a year.

All of these characteristics (except for the ocean temperature) have been used in SAR and TAR IPCC (Houghton et al. 1996; 2001) reports for model - data inter-comparison: we considered as tolerable the following intervals for the annual means of the following climate characteristics which encompass corresponding empirical estimates: global SAT 13.1 — 14.1 °C (Jones et al. 1999); area of sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere 6 — 14 mil km2 and in the Southern Hemisphere 6 — 18 mil km2 (Cavalieri et al. 2003); total precipitation rate 2.45 — 3.05 mm / day (Legates 1995); maximum Atlantic northward heat transport 0.5 — 1.5 PW (Ganachaud and Wunsch 2003); maximum of North Atlantic meridional overturning stream function 15 — 25 Sv (Talley et al. 2003), volume averaged ocean temperature 3 — 5 °C (Levitus 1982).

Since the ocean surface temperature is always greater than the deep ocean temperature, no change in «surface» forcing is required to change the rate of ocean heat uptake, just changes in «average» circulation factors.

Argo data reveal that in 2005 — 2010 the ocean's upper 2000 m gained heat at a rate equal to 0.41 W / m2 averaged over Earth's surface [70].

-- The term «efficiency» means the operating efficiency of an electric generation facility as determined by the average annual heat rate of the facility, measured in British thermal units required to generate a kilowatt - hour of electricity from the facility.

Instead, total annual average ocean heat content has increased steadily during the hiatus, at quite a confronting rate given that this metric is closely tied to global sea - level rise.

Other researchers argued that even if average rates of rise seemed to have dropped, the number of extremes of heat had increased or that an increase in the number of volcanic eruptions might be masking solar radiation and lowering the temperatures.

The 2007 IPCC report found that the cost of actions to stabilize concentrations of heat - trapping emissions at a level that gives us a good chance of avoiding dangerous warming would amount to less than a 0.12 percent reduction in average annual global gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in 2050.

The frequency and intensity of forest fires in the region have been increasing along with rising temperatures.5, 7,13 An average of around 9.9 million acres (4 million hectares) of boreal forest burned annually in Russia from 1975 to 2005 — and that rate more than doubled in the 1990s.15 One of West Siberia's largest forest fires on record occurred in 2003, claiming some 47 million acres (20 million hectares) of land7, 15 and emitting heat - trapping emissions equal to the total cuts in emissions the European Union pledged under the Kyoto Protocol.2, 7,16 Higher temperatures and thawing permafrost are probably contributing to the rising frequency and severity of forest fires in West Siberia.5, 7,14

In contrast, units scheduled for retirement over the next 10 years are larger and more efficient: at 145 MW, the average size is 50 % larger than recent retirements, with an average tested heat rate of 10,398 Btu / kWh.

JK «If I understand correctly your estimate and error for ocean heat uptake are for average rate over the period 1880 - 2011, while your estimate of the forcing rate and associated delta T are for 2011.»

If I understand correctly your estimate and error for ocean heat uptake are for average rate over the period 1880 - 2011, while your estimate of the forcing rate and associated delta T are for 2011.

If the rate of sea level rise over the last 20 years is as high or higher than it ever has been over the last 114 year (and is twice the 20th century average), then does this not strongly suggest that there has been no recent slowdown at all in the rate of accumulation of heat by the oceans and cryosphere?

However, the large difference in dry vs wet lapse rate is not due to the presence of water vapor changing the average Cp, but instead due to the progressive condensation of vapor to liquid or solid at altitude (heat of condensation being released).

Figure S1: (a-g): Ensemble - average instantaneous radiative forcings and ocean heat uptake rates (thick lines) and individual ensemble members (thin) for GISS - E2 - R single - forcing experiments.

The current record belongs to the Carolina Reaper, which rates at an average of 1.6 million Scoville heat units — by comparison, our wan jalapeno rings in at 2,500 - 5,000 in the heat scale.