Sentences with phrase «average ice cover»

The gray line shows the 1981 - 2010 average ice cover in millions of square kilometers.

The red line is not the all time average ice cover.

From 1978 to 1996, the average ice cover around Antarctica showed almost no trend (a slight increase 1.3 % per decade), however ice decreased by 2.9 % per decade on average over the arctic seas (1).

The red line is all time average ice cover.

Data back to the winter of 1972 - 73 shows that average ice cover for the month is just 8 percent.

Water vapor and clouds may play a role The Arctic's summer ice cover hit a record low in 2007, when it dipped about 40 percent below the average ice cover recorded since 1979, when scientists began monitoring the region with satellites.

The Arctic ice minimum in 2012 was less than 40 % of the average ice cover during the 1970s.

Not exact matches

So as soon as the hail of asteroids stopped, Earth may have cooled to an average surface temperature of — 40 °F and a crust of ice as much as 1,000 feet thick may have covered the oceans.

However, this year's ice cover remains far below the 1981 - 2010 average, indicating an ongoing, long - term decline of ice because of warming temperatures, according to scientists.

The area covered by all the green leaves on Earth is equal to, on average, 32 percent of Earth's total surface area — oceans, lands and permanent ice sheets combined.

This image shows a visualization of Arctic sea ice cover on Sept. 12, 2013, with a yellow line showing the 30 - year average minimum extent.

The overall Arctic sea ice cover during June averaged 4.09 million square miles, the lowest in the satellite record for the month, according to the NSIDC.

According to an analysis by the National Snow and Ice Data Center based on data from NOAA and NASA, sea ice cover was below average for most regions of the Arctic with near - average sea ice cover for part of the Laptev SIce Data Center based on data from NOAA and NASA, sea ice cover was below average for most regions of the Arctic with near - average sea ice cover for part of the Laptev Sice cover was below average for most regions of the Arctic with near - average sea ice cover for part of the Laptev Sice cover for part of the Laptev Sea.

According to an analysis by the National Snow and Ice Data Center based on data from NOAA and NASA, sea ice cover was below average in the Kara, Barents, and Beaufort SeIce Data Center based on data from NOAA and NASA, sea ice cover was below average in the Kara, Barents, and Beaufort Seice cover was below average in the Kara, Barents, and Beaufort Seas.

Twenty - sixteen also brought forth record - low average Arctic sea ice for much of the year, and the second lowest minimum sea ice cover reported.

Arctic sea ice extent was below normal for the 11th consecutive April this year, covering an average of 5.7 million square miles (14.7 million square kilometers) 2.1 percent below the 1979 - 2000 average extent and the 15th smallest April extent since records began in 1979.

Whether they're ancient temples with massive aqueducts, open ruins covered in ice or huge caverns filled with lava, it's these deadly areas that you'll mostly find yourself navigating throughout the 25 - 30 hours it'll take for an average playthrough.

Therefore a statistic that combines average global temperature, global humidity, and the negative of ice cover should increase every year.

Sea ice in the Arctic, on which arctic animals hunt, rest, and reproduce, now covers 15 % less area than it did in 1978; it has thinned to an average of 1.8 meters, compared to 3.1 meters in the 1950s.

[1] CO2 absorbs IR, is the main GHG, human emissions are increasing its concentration in the atmosphere, raising temperatures globally; the second GHG, water vapor, exists in equilibrium with water / ice, would precipitate out if not for the CO2, so acts as a feedback; since the oceans cover so much of the planet, water is a large positive feedback; melting snow and ice as the atmosphere warms decreases albedo, another positive feedback, biased toward the poles, which gives larger polar warming than the global average; decreasing the temperature gradient from the equator to the poles is reducing the driving forces for the jetstream; the jetstream's meanders are increasing in amplitude and slowing, just like the lower Missippi River where its driving gradient decreases; the larger slower meanders increase the amplitude and duration of blocking highs, increasing drought and extreme temperatures — and 30,000 + Europeans and 5,000 plus Russians die, and the US corn crop, Russian wheat crop, and Aussie wildland fire protection fails — or extreme rainfall floods the US, France, Pakistan, Thailand (driving up prices for disk drives — hows that for unexpected adverse impacts from AGW?)

At face value their numbers suggest the Arctic will be left with an extensive cover (> 4 million km ^ 2) of ice but only a small volume (< 2 million km ^ 3): i.e. on average the ice will be less than half a metre thick.

That was due to increased global moisture content, decreased global average cloud cover and decreased sea ice extent at high latitudes.

There is no «proof» that these are more than natural occurrences (or, admittedly, neither that they are not) and require, for now, really contorted tortuous explanations (snow / ice getting covered with soot, Arctic really getting lots warmer than the few tenths of a degree of the global average just the past 2 - 3 decades, etc.) why AGW is causing them — though they are professed with religious conviction.

This would certainly explain why arctic sea ice cover has been absolutely crashing in recent years while the HARDCRU / GISS global average temps had been increasing more modestly.

Ice covered by the insulating material melted 60 percent less than exposed portions which lost an average of 5 feet in thickness during the test.

The sea ice off Iceland reveals an extraordinary growth in severity, from zero coverage before the year 1200 to eight - week average cover in the 13th century, rising to 40 weeks in the 19th century, and dropping again to eight weeks in the 20th century.

But the world was only about 4 °C to 7 °C cooler, on average, during the last ice age, when large parts of Europe and the United States were covered by glaciers.

From the figures I took an average value of 0.45 — but, hey, if you prefer to assume 0.35, that's OK, because it will not change the conclusion that the observed Arctic sea ice melt has not appreciably changed our planet's total albedo, and that a very small change in cloud cover would have a far greater effect.

The average historic summer minimum (the yellow line in Fig. 1) indicates large portions of the Chukchi Sea's foraging habitat have been covered with summer ice concentrations of 50 % and greater for much of the 20th century.

As we did for the Antarctic, we will examine each proxy and reject any that have an average time step greater than 130 years or if it does not cover at least part of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the Holocene Climatic Optimum (HCO).

As we did in the previous two posts, we will examine each proxy and reject any that have an average time step greater than 130 years or if it does not cover at least part of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and the Holocene Climatic Optimum (HCO).

The Arctic Ocean's surface temperature and salinity vary seasonally as the ice cover melts and freezes; [4] its salinity is the lowest on average of the five major oceans, due to low evaporation, heavy fresh water inflow from rivers and streams, and limited connection and outflow to surrounding oceanic waters with higher salinities.

[1] The US National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) uses satellite data to provide a daily record of Arctic sea ice cover and the rate of melting compared to an average period and specific past yeaIce Data Center (NSIDC) uses satellite data to provide a daily record of Arctic sea ice cover and the rate of melting compared to an average period and specific past yeaice cover and the rate of melting compared to an average period and specific past years.

Overall, 63 percent of the Arctic ice cover is younger than average, and only 2 percent is older than average, according to Drobot.

The so - called minimum sea - ice extent in «07 was at that time the lowest since satellite monitoring began in 1979, covering an average of 1.65 million square miles.

Furthermore, the Arctic has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification, and stimulated by the combined increasing Arctic temperatures and rapid loss of sea ice in all seasons along with declining snow cover in the spring and early summer.

However, the last time the earth's average temperature was 5k lower than to - day mile - high ice sheets covered much of northern Europe and America.

Here sea - ice cover was below average.

The last time the earth averaged a few degrees colder, most of North America was covered in a mile thick sheet of ice.

A chart published Sept. 8 by NSIDC shows the dramatic rise this year, putting total ice cover within two standard deviations of the 30 - year average.

So, Thoman says, the sea - ice uptick is more of a statistical hiccup than a departure from this winter's consistently below - average Arctic sea - ice cover, based on more than three decades of observations.

Of the 85 % of Earth's ice - free lands, the areas covered in green average about 32 % of that amount.

He says above - average air and sea - surface temperatures last month were the main factors that led to the Center declaring a record - low Arctic sea - ice cover for the month of January.

Normally you can run GCM for centuries with a stable realistic surface temperature, but take the CO2 out, and in 5 - 10 years it has dropped 30 C in global average temperature and is half - covered in sea ice due to a powerful water vapor feedback in response to any global temperature change.

In 2011, annual snow cover extent over Northern Hemisphere continents (including the Greenland ice sheet) averaged 24.7 million square kilometers, which is 0.3 million square kilometers less than the long - term average.

The area around the North Pole is ice - covered — an assumption confirmed by many airborne and ice - surface expeditions — but researchers use an average of the concentration just outside the gap to estimate the extent within.

The average sea ice cover in February was 5.66 million square miles (14.66 million square kilometers), the seventh - lowest on record for the month.

[Gallery: Vanishing Glaciers] «The average thickness of the Arctic sea ice cover is declining because it is rapidly losing its thick component, the multi-year ice.

paminator (09:07:41): «Averaged over the year, an ice - free Arctic will lose much more energy to space than an ice - covered Arctic.

The high probability of above average temperature in the Barents and Kara seas is a response to the low sea ice cover in the forecasts.