The global temperature record represents
an average over the entire surface of the planet.
That is
averaged over the entire surface.
The total annual dosage,
averaged over the entire surface, varies by up to 0.1 percent, while more specific, seasonal changes at any place can reach a few percent.
Not exact matches
However a square metre is a miniscule portion of the
surface of the planet so that even a tiny increase or decrease in the heat being received on
average over each such tiny area translates into a huge change in total heat budget for the
entire planet.
As you can see,
over periods of a few decades, modeled internal variability does not cause
surface temperatures to change by more than 0.3 °C, and
over longer periods, such as the
entire 20th Century, its transient warming and cooling influences tend to
average out, and internal variability does not cause long - term temperature trends.
To Jim D When you measure OLR from satellites you actually sample the OLR intensity
over many thousands of samples
over the
entire Eartyh and then
average the values because the individual values are entirley dependent on the temperature of that area of the
surface that the OLR is radiated from.
David, The
entire energy balance is based on incoming energy and outgoing energy and the processes that result in the outgoing energy being less than the energy flux from the sun
averaged over the
surface of the Earth.
The Sun predicts the instrument record of
surface temperature
over its
entire 140 year history with an accuracy comparable to IPCC's running
average temperature.
My conclusion is that a careful observation of weather patterns
over the
entire globe and, in particular, ascertaining whether there is a net
average surface movement of air towards the poles or towards the equator should reveal whether there is an overall global warming or cooling trend at any particular time.
The Earth's
average surface temperature has risen significantly enough
over the 20th century that if we made a map that compared any recent monthly
average to the 20th - century
average for that month, virtually the
entire globe would have positive anomalies; most of the map would appear in shades of red.
What is actually relevant in figuring out how much the earth is going to absorb is
averaging the powers
over the
entire planet and what is relevant in figuring out how much it is going to radiate is
averaging the temperature
over the
entire surface (actually T ^ 4... or, most technically, the emissivity * T ^ 4 but the emissivity in the mid - and far - IR is very close to 1 for most
surfaces).
The only possible explanation for why the
average temperature of the ocean is 4C is because that is the
average surface temperature of the earth taken
over a period of time long enough for convection and conduction to equilibrate the
entire volume.
The solar constant for Earth is commonly given at 1366 W / m ^ 2, and to make a simple
average of what is absorbed
over the
surface and atmosphere, and absorption rates etc, (and the outgoing emissions, spread
over the
entire sphere), when the wattage is proportional to the fourth power of T, introduces a few complications.