Not exact matches
Think of it another way, in the last 7 year cycle FCA had an
average FCF of $ 36 million a year, and now FCA is expanding into different rail cars types and the refurbishment / rebuilt market, more gigawatts of coal fired power
plant capacity will begin construction in 09 then was build in the last 7 years and FCA has $ 162 million in cash from the 05 IPO.
While the
average U.S. nuclear
plant in 1980 had a
capacity factor of less than 60 percent, today's
average is over 90 percent.
(By comparison, the
average coal - burning power
plant has a
capacity of about 800 megawatts, but generates electricity day or night.)
California has so much surplus electricity that existing power
plants run, on
average, at slightly less than one - third of
capacity.
(Remember that solar farms generate electricity at about 20 - 25 % of «nameplate»
capacity on
average, while combined - cycle gas
plants nationally
average 50 - 60 %, and can achieve 70 % or higher.
The
average offshore wind turbine in 2015 was 3.4 MW but grew to 4.7 MW during 2016, with
capacity factors exceeding those of natural gas
plants.
The call for tenders specifies the total amount of
capacity required, the time lines for
capacity establishment, the fuel options as defined in the Government's power
plant establishment plan, the type of
plant (base load, load following, peaking
capacity), possible transmission constraints that have to be taken into account, and in certain cases a price cap, i.e. maximum
average price that the new
plant can be expected to earn throughout its economic life.
Coal - fired power
plants saw a sharp increase in
capacity utilisation, running at an
average of 45 percent of their full
capacity, up from just 36 percent in the same month last year.
To replace a 1500 MW coal
plant with wind turbines means you will need way more than 1500 MW of installed
capacity of wind generation to get an
average of 1500 MW of power even if you had a perfect energy storage system.
While utilization rises in the summer, the
average natural gas
plant capacity factor remains below 70 percent in the summer months of 2015.
There's lots more to draw from these reports — for instance, module efficiency is improving, and so is the
average capacity factor of utility - scale PV
plants — but that's probably enough charts for one day.
Expressed in financial terms, the health costs linked to biomass burning for power generation run into billions of euros each year, with health costs associated with emissions from former coal and co-fired
plants amounting to 137,000 euros per year on
average for every megawatt of electrical
capacity installed.
For 24 GW of power
plants operating at an
average of 13 %
capacity factor (assumed by EDM - 2011), the land area would be around 35 million hectares and involve nearly 75,000
average sized wheat farms.
For a 30 megawatt power
plant at a 70 %
capacity factor the land area would be around 240,000 hectares and involve nearly 500
average sized wheat farms.
«Texas Decision Could Double Wind Power
Capacity in the U.S.,» Renewable Energy Access, 4 October 2007; coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; an average wind turbine operates 36 percent of the time; Iceland geothermal usage from Iceland National Energy Authority and Ministries of Industry and Commerce, Geothermal Development and Research in Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland: April 2006), p. 16; European per person consumption from European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), «Wind Power on Course to Become Major European Energy Source by the End of the Decade,» press release (Brussels: 22 November 2004); China's solar water heaters calculated from Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), Renewables Global Status Report, 2006 Update (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2006), p. 21, and from Bingham Kennedy, Jr., Dissecting China's 2000 Census (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, June 2001); Philippines from Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), «World Geothermal Power Up 50 %, New US Boom Possible,» press release (Washington, DC: 11 Apri
Capacity in the U.S.,» Renewable Energy Access, 4 October 2007; coal - fired power
plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an
average plant has a 500 - megawatt
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; an average wind turbine operates 36 percent of the time; Iceland geothermal usage from Iceland National Energy Authority and Ministries of Industry and Commerce, Geothermal Development and Research in Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland: April 2006), p. 16; European per person consumption from European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), «Wind Power on Course to Become Major European Energy Source by the End of the Decade,» press release (Brussels: 22 November 2004); China's solar water heaters calculated from Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), Renewables Global Status Report, 2006 Update (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2006), p. 21, and from Bingham Kennedy, Jr., Dissecting China's 2000 Census (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, June 2001); Philippines from Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), «World Geothermal Power Up 50 %, New US Boom Possible,» press release (Washington, DC: 11 Apri
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; an
average wind turbine operates 36 percent of the time; Iceland geothermal usage from Iceland National Energy Authority and Ministries of Industry and Commerce, Geothermal Development and Research in Iceland (Reykjavik, Iceland: April 2006), p. 16; European per person consumption from European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), «Wind Power on Course to Become Major European Energy Source by the End of the Decade,» press release (Brussels: 22 November 2004); China's solar water heaters calculated from Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN21), Renewables Global Status Report, 2006 Update (Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 2006), p. 21, and from Bingham Kennedy, Jr., Dissecting China's 2000 Census (Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau, June 2001); Philippines from Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), «World Geothermal Power Up 50 %, New US Boom Possible,» press release (Washington, DC: 11 April 2002).
An
average capacity factor of 21 percent is used for micro wind, compared to 55 percent for conventional technologies such as coal, natural gas, and oil power
plants.
Steady performance is a feature of nuclear power
plants, and this continued across the fleet with a global
average capacity factor of 80.5 %.
I would like to see the environmental impact statement for 400 one gigawatt wind / solar farms (
average output over a calendar year) and the lead / acid battery production facilities necessary to back each of them up over all anticipated combinations of overcast / calm / darkness to ensure that the 400 gigawatt baseload
capacity was available with a reliability equal to or superior to that of the fossil fuel
plants that they replaced.
Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind 2008 Report (Brussels: 2009), pp. 3, 56; Erik Shuster, Tracking New Coal - Fired Power
Plants (Pittsburgh, PA: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Energy Technology Laboratory, January 2009); «Nuclear Dips in 2008,» World Nuclear News, 29 May 2009; 1 megawatt of installed wind
capacity produces enough electricity to supply 300 homes from American Wind Energy Association, «U.S. Wind Energy Installations Reach New Milestone,» press release (Washington, DC: 14 August 2006); number of homes calculated using
average U.S. household size from U.S. Census Bureau, «2005 — 2007 American Community Survey 3 - Year Estimates — Data Profile Highlights,» at factfinder.census.gov / servlet / ACSSAFFFacts, viewed 9 April 2009, and population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & Country QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February 2009.
note 2; coal - fired power
plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an
average plant has a 500 - megawatt
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year.
During 2016 the
capacity weighted
average LCOE of CSP
plants was estimated to be USD 0.27 / kWh (a fifth lower than in 2009) although IRENA data suggests that the LCOE, although about 18 % during 2017 to USD 0.22 / kWh.
First Solar's annual production
capacity will double in 2009 to more than 1 gigawatt, the equivalent of an
average - sized nuclear power
plant.
Using 30 %
capacity factor for wind, that is the equivalent of building 2 1/2 half nuclear
plants of
average 1 GW size, in one year.
Wind power
plants have to be backed up with 100 %
capacity in conventional power for the times the wind is down (74 % of the time on
average).
With a generous estimate of 0.25 for the
plant's
capacity factor (the ratio of
average power to peak power when the sun is highest and the sky is clear), Ivanpah will generate 0.82 TWhours of electricity per year.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Energy Information Administration (EIA), Crude Oil Production, electronic database, at tonto.eia.doe.gov, updated 28 July 2008; American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), «Installed U.S. Wind Power
Capacity Surged 45 % in 2007: American Wind Energy Association Market Report,» press release (Washington, DC: 17 January 2008); AWEA, U.S. Wind Energy Projects, electronic database, at www.awea.org/projects, updated 31 March 2009; future capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
Capacity Surged 45 % in 2007: American Wind Energy Association Market Report,» press release (Washington, DC: 17 January 2008); AWEA, U.S. Wind Energy Projects, electronic database, at www.awea.org/projects, updated 31 March 2009; future
capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); coal - fired power plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an average plant has a 500 - megawatt capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
capacity calculated from Emerging Energy Research (EER), «US Wind Markets Surge to New Heights,» press release (Cambridge, MA: 14 August 2008); coal - fired power
plant equivalents calculated by assuming that an
average plant has a 500 - megawatt
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
capacity and operates 72 percent of the time, generating 3.15 billion kilowatt - hours of electricity per year; residential consumption calculated using «Residential Sector Energy Consumption Estimates, 2005,» in DOE, EIA, Residential Energy Consumption Survey 2005 Status Report (Washington, DC: 2007), with
capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 Februa
capacity factor from DOE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Power Technologies Energy Data Book (Golden, CO: August 2006); population from U.S. Census Bureau, State & County QuickFacts, electronic database, at quickfacts.census.gov, updated 20 February 2009.
Assuming a 1GW coal
plant, with a
capacity factor of 45 % (
average in the UK of the last five years)-- it would take about 500 windmills occupying about one hundred square km.