Figure 1: Monthly
average precipitation showing the seasonality of precipitation in different parts of California, from the iconic California Water Atlas.
Not exact matches
To produce visualizations that
show temperature and
precipitation changes similar to those included in the IPCC report, the NASA Center for Climate Simulation calculated
average temperature and
precipitation changes from models that ran the four different emissions scenarios.
The changes
shown in these maps compare an
average of the model projections to the
average temperature and
precipitation benchmarks observed from 1971 - 2000.
While Mora's models, based on yearly
average temperatures, don't forecast monthly highs, lows or
precipitation changes, they do
show warming trends.
Figure 3 - 2
shows that
average annual
precipitation is highest west of the Continental Divide (MT DNRC 2015).
July is the driest month, when there is an
average of 2 mm of
precipitation, whilst September is the wettest month, when an
average of 5 mm of rainfall occurs —
showing just how little rainfall Costa Adeje sees in summer.
The temperature /
precipitation or their anomaly from the 1981 - 2010
average is
shown after choosing a time period.
Climate scientists have already
shown that increasing greenhouse gas concentrations as a consequence of human activity are partially responsible for the
average global increase in heavy
precipitation.
I present a graph from NOAA of change in
average global temperature from 1880 to today and then
show the graph of the U.S. increase in heavy
precipitation days from 1950 to today.
Despite the complexity of global food supply, here we
show that simple measures of growing season temperatures and
precipitation — spatial
averages based on the locations of each crop — explain ~ 30 % or more of year - to - year variations in global
average yields for the world's six most widely grown crops.
Previous climate models have
shown that there didn't appear to be much change in annual
average precipitation in California or changes were unknown, even under aggressive warming scenarios.
The
averages for the last 12 months
show dry conditions over most regions within a large belt stretching across parts of both Europe and Asia, with below
average precipitation and soil moisture and much below
average relative humidity, starting in south - western Europe and ending near Japan.
The
averages for the last 12 months
show relatively small negative or positive anomalies for
precipitation in most areas of the globe.
With regard to
precipitation anomalies in summer, ERA - Interim
shows above
average rainfall for Greece and the west of Turkey, whereas E-OBS indicates that these areas are below
average.
E-OBS
shows below
average precipitation for parts of the Alps for all seasons, whereas this is not seen in ERA - Interim.
Projections of future changes in
precipitation show small increases in the global
average but substantial shifts in where and how
precipitation falls.
The higher resolution of E-OBS
shows a large positive
precipitation anomaly over the Alps and the satellite soil moisture product
shows above
average soil moisture for a larger region than ERA - Interim.
A smooth 12 - month
average of California
precipitation shows that the current drought ecompasses the driest year on record in California.
[4] Thanks to a strong El Niño that brought near
average precipitation to the northern California, the statewide April 1 snowpack measurement in 2016
showed state water resources at 87 percent of the long - term
average; however, the snowpack was not sufficient to undo water deficits caused by years of drought.
NASA animation
showing precipitation concentrated in the tropics in the form of
average daily rainfall rates during the month of January from 1998 - 2007.
Right panels
show the predictability horizon for annual mean
precipitation (above the dashed line), soil water
averaged from the surface, and total water storage (below the dashed line), estimated from the 39 individual 10 member hindcast experiments (red) and the 1st order Markov model with 10,000 ensemble members (black circle) for the b the northern, d southern, and f these difference indices.
«We
show that anthropogenic forcing has had a detectable influence on observed changes in
average precipitation within latitudinal bands, and that these changes can not be explained by internal climate variability or natural forcing.
Which is a bit strange considering a report from the European Environment Agency
showing that temperatures in the Alps are increasing a twice rate of the global
average with more droughts and greater seasonal variability in
precipitation forecast.
Results
show the percentage of the 1600 years of experiments during which solar maximum conditions produced increased (green) or decreased (brown)
precipitation at different latitudes on the annual
average.