Not exact matches
As most would guess, kids with more disadvantages, such as
poverty and less educated parents, come to
school less prepared, which pulls down
average test scores at districts where more kids face these challenges.
Recognizing the educational challenges represented by children in
poverty, who are not fluent in English or have other special needs, the Bloomberg administration — even as it relentlessly encouraged the growth of charter
schools — built a citywide methodology designed to look past simple comparisons of
average school scores on state tests.
At
schools with a student
poverty rate of below 10 percent, by contrast, the research team found that regular informal exchange among parents helps improve students» grade point
average and makes them more likely to graduate.
In California, both NME and pertussis clusters were associated with factors characteristic of high socioeconomic status such as lower population density; lower
average family size; lower percentage of racial or ethnic minorities; higher percentage of high
school, college, or graduate
school graduates; higher median household income; and lower percentage of families in
poverty.
As our
schools serve greater numbers of Hispanic students and fewer whites, for example, we should expect achievement to decline somewhat because Hispanic students, who are more likely to live in
poverty, tend to perform at lower levels, on
average, than whites.
The
average Massachusetts student misses eight
school days per year, according to Goodman, but student absences vary by
poverty status, with poor students being absent ten days per year on
average, three days more than nonpoor students.
Urban
school districts spend significantly less per pupil on their high -
poverty schools than their low -
poverty ones, a fact that is routinely masked by
school budgets that use
average - salary figures rather than actual ones, a new paper suggests.
The analysis also incorporates data from the National Center for Education Statistics on the racial / ethnic composition of each
school, the percentage of students eligible for free or reduced - price lunch (an indicator of family
poverty), the
average number of students in each grade (a measure of
school size), and the
school's pupil - teacher ratio (an measure of class size) in the 2007 - 08
school year.
That amounts to $ 6,439 per student this year, or about $ 2,000 less, on
average, than at other Nevada public
schools, which receive money from federal
poverty and special - education programs.
In fact, many of these districts even «bill» their high -
poverty schools for the
average teacher salary instead of the actual (and usually much lower) salaries they are paying to their often brand - new, less - qualified teachers.
We find similar differential effects on math by
school poverty level, with a statistically significant positive effect for lower -
poverty schools, even though the
average effect across all
schools was not distinguishable from zero.
Students in the
schools in this sample are more likely to have married parents (70.7 percent versus 61.7 percent statewide with third grade test scores), less likely to have fathers absent at the time of birth (9.8 percent versus 15.2 percent statewide), less likely to have Medicaid - funded births (a proxy for
poverty at the time of birth, 37.7 percent versus 48.8 percent statewide), and have relatively better educated mothers (13.1 years of maternal education at the time of the child's birth, versus 12.5 years on
average statewide).
Despite the slightly lower
average poverty rates in receiving
schools, they still had
average poverty rates that were higher than 40 %, which is the criterion used to determine eligibility for schoolwide programs.
To isolate the effects of an SFJ on districts within each
poverty quartile, we focus on changes in spending over time within specific
school districts after taking into account changes from year to year in
average education spending across all of the nation's
school districts.
In Mesa, sending
schools had a higher
average poverty rate (66 %) than receiving
schools (48 %), and receiving
schools had a higher
average poverty rate than eligible receiving
schools (28 %).
Making progress on this difficult issue is predicated on acknowledging an uncomfortable truth, one that can easily be demagogued: On
average, due to a host of factors beyond their own control, including
poverty, fatherlessness, and trauma, poor children of color are more likely to misbehave at
school than are their peers.
However, research by the National Union of Teachers (NUT) and the charity Child
Poverty Action Group (CPAG) shows that primary
schools with more than 40 per cent of children on free
school meals will on
average lose # 473 per pupil.
Requiring districts to equalize their state / local spending in each Title I
school with the
average spending in non-Title I
schools can create incentives for districts to adjust which
schools they designate as Title I. For example, if a district's lower -
poverty Title I
schools (which could still be high
poverty schools), have new, less - expensive teachers, kicking those
schools out of Title I would lower
average spending in non-Title I
schools.
The upshot, per the article, is that «children in the
school districts with the highest concentrations of
poverty score an
average of more than four grade levels below children in the richest districts.»
The study also compared charter performance to
average statewide performance — admittedly, a higher bar, as
schools statewide had significantly lower levels of
poverty than the charters (and their urban districts).
The Hypersegregation Index calculates the share of
schools in a district that have a
poverty rate at least 20 percentage points above or below the district
average.
For example, Stamford Public
Schools in Connecticut — which scored a zero on the Isolation of Poverty Index and a zero on the Isolation of Wealth Index — has created a requirement that all schools be within 10 percentage points of the district's average share of «educationally disadvantaged» st
Schools in Connecticut — which scored a zero on the Isolation of
Poverty Index and a zero on the Isolation of Wealth Index — has created a requirement that all
schools be within 10 percentage points of the district's average share of «educationally disadvantaged» st
schools be within 10 percentage points of the district's
average share of «educationally disadvantaged» students.
In the south end, where
poverty is greatest, the
average teacher at Rainier Beach High
School earns $ 60,673.
This means that although the district, on
average, has a
poverty rate of 64 percent, more than three - quarters of the district's
schools have a
poverty rate that is either 84 percent and higher, or 44 percent and lower.
On
average the funding gap between high - and low -
poverty schools is $ 582 per pupil.
On
average, respondents estimated that a little more than half — or 52 percent — of all low - income students attend high -
poverty schools.67 This estimate is slightly larger than the Urban Institute figure showing that 40 percent of all low - income students attend a high -
poverty school.68
Pasco High
School is a high - poverty school in Eastern Washington that has kept its teacher turnover rate below the state average for the past five
School is a high -
poverty school in Eastern Washington that has kept its teacher turnover rate below the state average for the past five
school in Eastern Washington that has kept its teacher turnover rate below the state
average for the past five years.
Indeed, a close look at MCAS results shows there is surprisingly little difference between the quality of teaching in so - called «good»
schools (wealthy, suburban
schools with high MCAS scores) and «bad»
schools (inner - city
schools with low scores) when the results are
averaged across all teachers in the district and disaggregated by student demographics, specifically race and
poverty.
There is always a big hullabaloo when American students score
average on international tests, but the fact is that American kids in very low -
poverty schools score as high or higher than anybody else on the planet.
If the
average salary gap between a poor and a wealthier
school is $ 5,000, a higher
poverty school with 30 teachers would be shortchanged $ 150,000 a year.
Average district per - pupil spending does not always capture staffing and funding inequities.14 Many districts do not consider actual teacher salaries when budgeting for and reporting each
school's expenditures, and the highest -
poverty schools are often staffed by less - experienced teachers who typically earn lower salaries.15 Because educator salaries are, by far,
schools» largest budget item,
schools serving the poorest children end up spending much less on what matters most for their students» learning.
The first column, FRPM 0 - 33 %, represents
schools in wealthier communities; the far right column, FRPM > 89 %, represents high -
poverty schools; and the middle column represents
schools that are closer to the state
average on the indicator, ranging from one standard deviation above to one standard deviation below the mean.
He reminds us that «in the US, wealthy children attending public
schools that serve the wealthy are competitive with any nation in the world... [but in]...
schools in which low - income students do not achieve well, [that are not competitive with many nations in the world] we find the common correlates of
poverty: low birth weight in the neighborhood, higher than
average rates of teen and single parenthood, residential mobility, absenteeism, crime, and students in need of special education or English language instruction.»
This implies that high -
poverty schools are, on
average, much less effective than lower -
poverty schools, and suggests that strategies that reduce the differential exposure of black, Hispanic, and white students to poor classmates may lead to meaningful reductions in academic achievement gaps.
On
average, the federal government contributes about 10 percent to the total amount spent on public education, but these dollars account for a larger portion of many high -
poverty districts» budgets.11 For example, Los Angeles Unified
School District and Chicago Public
Schools — both high -
poverty districts — receive about 15 percent of their budgets from the Education Department.12 These dollars serve essential purposes, such as supplementing services for low - income students, defraying the cost of individualized education programs for students with disabilities, and compensating for a loss of property tax due to federally owned land.
Children in the
school districts with the highest concentrations of
poverty score an
average of more than four grade levels below children in the richest districts.
For example, in Trenton City
school district, 31 percent of children are living with families in
poverty — more than twice the
average for New Jersey.
Because high
school dropouts earn $ 250,000 less on
average over a lifetime less than graduates do (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2006), their children are more likely to be raised in
poverty — and students from impoverished households with undereducated parents are themselves more likely to drop out.
* At low -
poverty elementary
schools, student enrollment was on
average 75 percent white, 6 percent black, 11 percent Hispanic, 7 percent Asian / Pacific Islander, and 1 percent American Indian / Alaska Native.
The authors pointed out some of the advantages of low
poverty noting, «Children whose parents read to them at home, whose health is good and can attend
school regularly, who do not live in fear of crime and violence, who enjoy stable housing and continuous
school attendance, whose parents» regular employment creates security, who are exposed to museums, libraries, music and art lessons, who travel outside their immediate neighborhoods, and who are surrounded by adults who model high educational achievement and attainment will, on
average, achieve at higher levels than children without these educationally relevant advantages.»
Meanwhile, white students went to a
school where low - income students, on
average, made up about 24 % of the enrollment — almost a 30 percentage point white - black disparity in exposure to
poverty.
This oversampling of students who attend
schools with high levels of
poverty and undersampling of students from
schools with less
poverty results in artificially low PISA reports of national
average scores.»
He rests this claim on the fact that, on
average, black students in
poverty perform eight hundredths of a standard deviations better in math and six - hundredths of a standard deviation better in reading when they are in charter
schools, while the numbers for Hispanic students in
poverty are, respectively, seven - hundredths and thirty - five hundredths of a standard deviation.
First, we find that teachers working in above -
average poverty charter
schools have significantly higher value - added scores compared to traditional public
school teachers working in similar settings, which is mainly driven by the right tail of the value - added score distribution, yet we find no such differences in below -
average poverty settings.
All of which helps explain how Bethune Elementary — with a population of children who are almost all African American and almost all poor — posts proficiency rates that well exceed state
averages, earning it a place on the state's «High Performing High
Poverty»
school list.
In Philadelphia, what is most vexing are the politicians who have, or whose children have, attended magnet and criteria - based
schools —
schools that have historically been closed to most black children, have fewer children in
poverty than the city's
average, fewer students with special needs or ELL support, and who screen entry of its students studiously, and vigilantly.
It warns that these
schools admit around 9.4 % of pupils eligible for Free
School Meals (FSM)- a key measure of poverty, compared to 17.2 % attending the average state s
School Meals (FSM)- a key measure of
poverty, compared to 17.2 % attending the
average state
schoolschool.
Newark's North Star Academy, for example, which is run by Uncommon
Schools, may beat city - wide
averages, but it loses half of its students between grades five through 12, it serves half the percentage of students with disabilities and 15 percent fewer of its students are in
poverty, notes Bruce Baker, a professor of education finance at Rutgers University.
The
school's above -
average spending is partly because it has a high number of students in
poverty; it receives a pot of federal money every year for professional development.
Furthermore, in the
schools in which low - income students do not achieve well, we find the common correlates of
poverty: low birth weight in the neighborhood, higher than
average rates of teen and single parenthood, residential mobility, absenteeism, crime, and students in need of special education or English language instruction.