The evidence from South Carolina shows that voters do at least sometimes evaluate school board members on the basis of student learning trends as measured by
average school test scores.
But the absence of a relationship between
average school test scores and incumbents» electoral fortunes in the 2002 and 2004 school board elections raises important questions about the assumptions underlying accountability systems.
Not exact matches
As most would guess, kids with more disadvantages, such as poverty and less educated parents, come to
school less prepared, which pulls down
average test scores at districts where more kids face these challenges.
Your first impulse would probably be to look at a couple of factors: the
average test scores of the
schools» current pupils and their socioeconomic background.
«Don't judge a
school by its
average test scores or its socioeconomic or racial / ethnic composition.
So were the
average GMAT
scores of its entering classes, which tended to range near 600, more than 100 points below the best
schools, which typically report
scores in the 700 - plus range on an entrance
test where the highest possible
score is 800.
With about a 26 % acceptance rate, and an
average Graduate Management Admission
Test (GMAT)
score of 712, the US News & World report ranks it as the 14th best business
school in the US.
Lets assume that in 2005 the U.S.
school children
averaged a
score of 62 on a standardized
test, and this ranked them # 10 among all countries.
Proposal 48 holds that entering athletes can be eligible as freshmen only if they have a minimum
score of 700 on the combined college board SAT
test (or a 15 of 36 score on the American College Test) and a 2.0 high school grade - point average in 11 core cour
test (or a 15 of 36
score on the American College
Test) and a 2.0 high school grade - point average in 11 core cour
Test) and a 2.0 high
school grade - point
average in 11 core courses.
And a 2014 study of student performance at
schools in California and New York, conducted by the American Institutes for Research, found that attending deeper - learning
schools had a significant positive impact, on
average, on students» content knowledge and standardized -
test scores.
Arlington Heights
School District 25, which has seven elementary and two middle
schools, boasts above -
average state
test scores.
Homeschooled students have been shown to have higher
average scores on the ACT
test (26.5) than their public
school peers (25).
This is in contrast to the usual ranking of
schools by
test score averages, which is more of an indication of how affluent the parents are than of how good the
school is.
On
average, children who were breastfed for ≥ 8 months 1)
scored between 0.35 and 0.59 SD units higher on standardized
tests of ability or achievement and teacher ratings of
school performance than children who were not breastfed, and 2) were considerably less likely than nonbreastfed children to leave
school without qualifications (relative risk = 0.38; 95 % CI: 0.25, 0.59).
When compared to control group counterparts in randomized trials, infants and toddlers who participated in high - quality home visiting programs were shown to have more favorable
scores for cognitive development and behavior, higher IQs and language
scores, higher grade point
averages and math and reading achievement
test scores at age 9, and higher graduation rates from high
school.
For example, research has found homeschoolers generally
score 15 to 30 percentile points above public
school students on standardized
tests and they're achieving above
average scores on the ACT and SAT
tests.
Share Our Strength's No Kid Hungry campaign reported in 2013 that on
average, students who eat
school breakfast attend 1.5 more days of
school per year and
score 17.5 percent higher on standardized math
tests; when combined, these factors translate into a student being twenty percent more likely to graduate high
school.
New York City's new
schools chancellor pledged to boost training for elementary math teachers, after a national
test found a drop in
average math
scores for the city's fourth - graders.
New York City's new
schools chancellor pledged to boost training for elementary math teachers on Tuesday, after a national
test found a drop in
average math
scores for the city's fourth - graders.
Recognizing the educational challenges represented by children in poverty, who are not fluent in English or have other special needs, the Bloomberg administration — even as it relentlessly encouraged the growth of charter
schools — built a citywide methodology designed to look past simple comparisons of
average school scores on state
tests.
Late - term infants outperformed full - term infants in all three cognitive dimensions (higher
average test scores in elementary and middle
school, a 2.8 percent higher probability of being gifted, and a 3.1 percent reduced probability of poor cognitive outcomes) compared to full - term infants.
In the main study group, exposure to anesthesia for surgery before the age of 4 was associated with an
average difference of 0.41 percent lower
school grades and 0.97 percent lower IQ
test scores.
They chose
schools that were both above and below
average when it came to student
test scores and collective efficacy for teachers.
The greatest improvements should be seen among
schools that had already received one F grade from the state, since their students would become eligible for vouchers if they received a second F. To
test this hypothesis,
average FCAT scale -
score improvements for
schools were broken out by the grade they received the year before.
Using student - level data from two states, Harvard Professor Martin West and I found that 40 to 60 percent of
schools serving mostly low - income or underrepresented minority students would fall into the bottom 15 percent of
schools statewide based on their
average test scores, but only 15 to 25 percent of these same
schools would be classified as low performing based on their
test -
score growth.
Leaning too heavily on proficiency rates or
average test scores can unfairly target
schools, especially those that serve disadvantaged students, for intervention, while ignoring
schools where students are learning the least.
Though we do not have data on every aspect of teachers» working conditions, we do know certain characteristics of their students that many believe affect the teaching conditions at a
school: the percentage of low - income students at the
school (as estimated by the percentage eligible for a subsidized lunch), the shares of students who are African - American or Hispanic,
average student
test scores, and class sizes.
While the evidence for the effectiveness of charter
schools nationwide is mixed, research has found that the charter
schools in these cities are on
average more effective than district
schools in raising student
test scores.
Their peers»
average test scores are about 0.15 standard deviations higher, and the new
schools have higher - quality teachers, measured in terms of the fraction of teachers with less than three years» experience, the fraction that are new to the
school that year, the percentage of teachers with an advanced degree, and the share of teachers who attended a «highly competitive» college as defined by the Barron's rankings.
Individual CMS
schools vary widely in demographic composition: CMS high
schools in 2003 ranged from less than 10 percent to close to 90 percent nonwhite, and were also dissimilar in
average test scores and rates of high
school graduation.
Both groups of
schools saw an increase in the
average math and reading
scores during the first two years of the bonus program; treatment - group
schools, however, did not experience a statistically significant improvement in
average test scores relative to the
schools in the control group.
Predicting freshman grade - point
average from college - admissions and state high -
school test scores.
NCLB required that states
test students in math and reading each year, that
average student performance be publicized for every
school, and that
schools with persistently low
test scores face an escalating series of sanctions.
The extent to which a
school is above or below that line indicates whether the
average test -
score improvement among its students has been greater or less than would be predicted based on their fluid cognitive skills.
A compelling way to see this is to look at the relationship across
schools between the
average test -
score gain students make between the 4th and 8th grade and our summary measure of their students» fluid cognitive ability at the end of that period (see Figure 2).
On
average across middle and high
school math, TFA teachers out - performed veteran teachers by 0.07 standard deviations, the equivalent of 2.6 additional months of instruction or helping a student move from the 27th to the 30th percentile on a normal distribution of
test scores.
(Almost all the African - American students came from
schools with
average test scores below the district mean; the few that did not had almost identical
average impacts, but the number of available observations was too small to recover precise estimates.)
«Even small amounts of unauthorised absence from
school were associated with substantial falls in
average Naplan (National Assessment Program — Literacy and Numeracy)
test scores.
Based on a randomized controlled trial with 78 secondary
school teachers and 2,237 students, MTP - S improved student achievement
test scores in the year following its completion, equivalent to moving the
average student from the 50th to the 59th percentile.
Also, children in yoga were significantly more physically fit than the
school district
average, based on
scores from the annual California Physical Fitness
Test.
Despite making far larger
test -
score gains than students attending open - enrollment district
schools, and despite the emphasis their
schools place on cultivating non-cognitive skills, charter
school students exhibit markedly lower
average levels of self - control as measured by student self - reports (see Figure 2).
Interestingly enough, no study has yet shown better high
school test scores, but the Boston studies have shown higher grade point
averages and, of course, attendance goes through the roof and dropout rates are decreased.
Third, just the other day, a USA Today column called for shuttering a Kansas City charter
school whose students recently won the National Society of Black Engineers Robotics Competition because its
test scores are only
average.
Students who
scored in the top quarter of the sixth - grade math exam
averaged anywhere from 19 to 26 on the high
school ACT math
test; the variations correlated with the effectiveness
scores of their high
school math teachers.
Such conversions could lower
average charter -
school test scores and become a black eye for the charter movement.
However, simple
tests we conducted, based on changes in the
average previous - year
test scores of students in
schools affected and unaffected by charter -
school competition, suggest that, if anything, the opposite phenomenon occurred: students switching from traditional public to charter
schools appear to have been above -
average performers compared with the other students in their
school.
No matter whether students enter a middle
school in the 6th or the 7th grade, middle -
school students experience, on
average, a large initial drop in their
test scores.
For example, a student who begins the year at the 50th percentile on the state reading and math
test and is assigned to a teacher in the top quartile in terms of overall TES
scores will perform on
average, by the end of the
school year, three percentile points higher in reading and two points higher in math than a peer who began the year at the same achievement level but was assigned to a bottom - quartile teacher.
One of the basic critiques of using
test scores for accountability purposes has always been that simple
averages, except in rare circumstances, don't tell us much about the quality of a given
school or teacher.
In the most regulated environment, larger participants — those
schools with 40 or more students funded through vouchers in
testing grades, or with an
average of 10 or more students per grade across all grade levels — receive a rating through a formula identical to the
school performance
score system used by the state to gauge public
school performance, inclusive of
test score performance, graduation rates, and other outcome metrics.