Higher
average sea levels due to climate change will lead to higher storm surges and elevated flooding risks in coastal communities world - wide, even if the intensity or frequency of storms remains unchanged.
Not exact matches
But rising
sea levels and increasing
average temperatures
due to climate change are further expanding the destructive reach of these storms.
«
Sea level observations are telling us that during the past 100 years sea level has risen at an average rate of 1.7 millimeters per year,» most of that due to thermal expansion as the top 700 meters of the oceans warms and expan
Sea level observations are telling us that during the past 100 years
sea level has risen at an average rate of 1.7 millimeters per year,» most of that due to thermal expansion as the top 700 meters of the oceans warms and expan
sea level has risen at an
average rate of 1.7 millimeters per year,» most of that
due to thermal expansion as the top 700 meters of the oceans warms and expands.
Global
average sea level has risen by roughly 0.11 inch (3 millimeters) per year since 1993
due to a combination of water expanding as it warms and melting ice sheets.
But even though the
sea level around the world will rise by an
average of 80 cm, the
sea level in the Gulf of Bothnia in Finland is expected to fall by 10 cm
due to land uplift.
Personally I think the approach taken by Church and White (2006, 2011) probably comes closest to the true global
average sea level,
due to the method they used to combine the tide gauge data.
Global
average sea level was likely between 4 and 6 m higher during the last interglacial period, about 125,000 years ago, than during the 20th century, mainly
due to the retreat of polar ice -LRB-
The GRACE observations over Antarctica suggest a near - zero change
due to combined ice and solid earth mass redistribution; the magnitude of our GIA correction is substantially smaller than previous models have suggested and hence we produce a systematically lower estimate of ice mass change from GRACE data: we estimate that Antarctica has lost 69 ± 18 Gigatonnes per year (Gt / yr) into the oceans over 2002 - 2010 — equivalent to +0.19 mm / yr globally -
averaged sea level change, or about 6 % of the
sea -
level change during that period.
Global
average sea level was likely between 4 and 6 m higher during the last interglacial period, about 125,000 years ago, than during the 20th century, mainly
due to the retreat of polar ice (Figure TS.21).
Statistically might it not seem more likely that we are
due to revert at least towards an
average of
sea level for overall Phanerozoic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phanerozoic, or even a further transgression?
Coastal cities in the United States could experience an
average of 30 days of flooding each year
due to
sea level rise driven by global warming, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) warns.
--- Atmospheric mass and composition: approx. 510 trillion m ^ 2 (surface area) * 0.1013 MPa (surface pressure) / 9.81 m / s ^ 2 = 5.266 E18 kg = 5.266 million Gt Hartmann, «Global Physical Climatology», p. 8 gives 5.136 million Gt (the difference could be
due to actual
average surface pressure being lower than
average sea level pressure; counteracting that, gravity decreases with height (not much over most of the mass of the atmosphere) and I think global
average g may be less than 9.81 (maybe 9.80?)
As Media Matters has noted, the IPCC's 2007 «Synthesis Report» concluded that» [w] arming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global
average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global
average sea level» and that» [m] ost of the observed increase in global
average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely [defined in the report as a» > 90 %» probability]
due to the observed increase in anthropogenic [human - caused] GHG [greenhouse gas] concentrations.»
IPCC: Global
average sea level in the last interglacial (Eemian) period (130,000 - 111,000 years ago) was likely 13 to 20 feet (4 to 6 meters) higher than during the 20th century, mainly
due to the retreat of polar ice.
None of these could have been caused by an increase in atmospheric CO2, Model projections of warming during recent decades have greatly exceeded what has been observed, The modelling community has openly acknowledged that the ability of existing models to simulate past climates is
due to numerous arbitrary tuning adjustments, Observations show no statistically valid trends in flooding or drought, and no meaningful acceleration whatsoever of pre-existing long term
sea level rise (about 6 inches per century) worldwide, Current carbon dioxide
levels, around 400 parts per million are still very small compared to the
averages over geological history, when thousands of parts per million prevailed, and when life flourished on land and in the oceans.
...
Averaged over the global ocean surface, the mean rate of
sea level change
due to GIA is independently estimated from models at -0.3 mm / yr (Peltier, 2001, 2002, 2009; Peltier & Luthcke, 2009).
Some regions show a
sea level rise substantially more than the global
average (in many cases of more than twice the
average), and others a
sea level fall (Table 11.15)(note that these figures do not include
sea level rise
due to land ice changes).