They found that
averaged sea surface temperatures over the MDR are the best predictor of Atlantic cyclone activity, followed by global average surface temperature, with MDR warming relative to the tropics being the worst predictor of hurricane activity (Figure 1).
Not exact matches
Surface air
temperatures over the Barents and Kara
seas during winter, compared to the 1979 - 2013
average.
Cooling
sea -
surface temperatures over the tropical Pacific Ocean — part of a natural warm and cold cycle — may explain why global
average temperatures have stabilized in recent years, even as greenhouse gas emissions have been warming the planet.
El Niño: A phenomenon in the equatorial Pacific Ocean characterized by a positive
sea surface temperature departure from normal (for the 1971 - 2000 base period) in the Niño 3.4 region greater than or equal in magnitude to 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees Fahrenheit),
averaged over three consecutive months.
The record - breaking year of 2005 had below -
average dust
over the Atlantic, very warm
sea surface temperatures, and an unprecedented four hurricanes that reached category 5, the highest classification.
Given all the independent lines of evidence pointing to
average surface warming
over the last few decades (satellite measurements, ocean
temperatures,
sea - level rise, retreating glaciers, phenological changes, shifts in the ranges of
temperature - sensitive species), it is highly implausible that it would lead to more than very minor refinements to the current overall picture.
For instance, Keigwin's NOV ’96 Science paper which showed 4 - 5 occurences higher sustained
sea -
surface temperatures oscillations
over 3 milleniums of core sample
averages, vs. our last 100 + years?
Surface air
temperatures over the Barents and Kara
seas during winter, compared to the 1979 - 2013
average.
Air
temperatures at 925 millibar (about 3,000 ft above the
surface) were mostly above
average over the Arctic Ocean, with positive anomalies of 4 to 6º Celsius
over the Chukchi and Bering
seas on the Pacific side of the Arctic, and
over the East Greenland
Sea on the Atlantic side.
We might expect «global warming» (i.e., an increase in
average surface air
temperatures over a few decades) to lead to a rise in global mean
sea levels.
The NINO3.4 index is defined as the
average of
sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies
over the region 5 ° N - 5 ° S and 170 ° -120 ° W. El Niño (a warm event) is considered to occur when the NINO3.4 index persistently exceeds +0.8 °C.
-- denying that the «globally and annually
averaged land and
sea surface temperature anomaly» (HadCRUT3) has cooled slightly
over the past 15 years (since May 1997)
We (that includes you and me plus Hansen, Trenberth, Jones and the IPCC) don't have an earthly notion what is going to happen to our «globally and annually
averaged land and
sea surface temperature anomaly»
over the next two years, let alone the next few hundred years.
southern oscillation a large - scale atmospheric and hydrospheric fluctuation centered in the equatorial Pacific Ocean; exhibits a nearly annual pressure anomaly, alternatively high
over the Indian Ocean and high
over the South Pacific; its period is slightly variable,
averaging 2.33 years; the variation in pressure is accompanied by variations in wind strengths, ocean currents,
sea -
surface temperatures, and precipitation in the surrounding areas
During that same period,
average annual rainfall in New South Wales declined by 3.6 inches (92 millimeters).3 Scientists think the decline in autumn rainfall in southeast Australia since the late 1950s may be partly due to increases in heat - trapping gases in Earth's atmosphere.3, 14 Major bushfires
over southeast Australia are linked to the positive phase of an ocean cycle called the «Indian Ocean Dipole» — when
sea surface temperatures are warmer than
average in the western Indian Ocean, likely in response to global warming.15, 16
Your last post simply confirms that you are still in denial regarding the «standstill» in the «globally and annually
averaged land and
sea surface temperature anomaly»
over the past decade
Average air temperature over the land and sea surface was 0.56 degrees Celsius above the long - term average, tied with 2010 as the joint warmest year on
Average air
temperature over the land and
sea surface was 0.56 degrees Celsius above the long - term
average, tied with 2010 as the joint warmest year on
average, tied with 2010 as the joint warmest year on record.
This change in
sea level occurred in the context of different orbital forcing and with high latitude
surface temperature,
averaged over several thousand years, at least 2 °C warmer than present.
The June - August
average temperature over land and
sea surfaces was 1.53 Fahrenheit degrees (0.85 Centigrade degree) above the 20th century
average, surpassing the record set last year, NOAA said.
Current «cool» phase of the PDO began in late 1998 / early 1999 (certainly not 2008), and when it flipped it generally meant cooler
sea surface temperatures along the west coast of N. America but warmer
temperatures on
average over other other broad regions of the Pacific.
Over the same period, the globally and annually
averaged land and
sea surface temperature (HadCRUT3) increased by 0.7 °C.
As he pointed out, a dominant unforced contribution to
surface warming relative to forced trends would be expected to be accompanied by a trend of declining OHC, which is inconsistent with the observed trends
averaged over the past half century as evidenced by mixed layer
temperature measurements and
sea level rise.
The period of increased warming from 1987 to 1997 loosely coincided with the divergence of the global
average temperature anomalies
over land, which are derived from observation station recordings, and the global
average anomalies in
sea surface temperatures.
Girma is showing you actual physical observations (warts and all) of the globally and annually
average land and
sea surface temperature anomaly
over time.
(2) the «
Sea Surface»
temperatures, which are
averaged over the global ice - free oceans (60N to 60S), from the AMSR - E instrument on Aqua.
As can be seen from the curve below, the HadCRUT3 «globally and annually
averaged land and
sea surface temperature anomaly» shows slight (if statistically insignificant) cooling
over the past 15 years (180 months).
The last time in Earth history when the global
average surface temperature was as warm as the IPCC projects for 2100 in its mid-range scenarios, there was very little polar ice and
sea level would have been roughly 70 meters (
over 200 feet) higher than at present.
What they found is that the globally
averaged surface temperature trend
over 15 - year periods is closely related to the trend of the
sea surface temperature in a small region of the planet, the Nino3.4 region, statistically.
But let's look at the long - term NOAA record of tropospheric specific humidity and compare this with the HadCRUT globally and annually
averaged land and
sea surface temperature anomaly
over the same period:
However, for changes
over time, only anomalies, as departures from a climatology, are used, most commonly based on the area - weighted global
average of the
sea surface temperature anomaly and land
surface air
temperature anomaly.
The global
average sea surface temperature (SST) change
over time since 1991.
The thermometers out there (even the ones next to AC exhausts in the summer or heated buildings in the winter) tell us that the «globally and annually
averaged land and
sea surface temperature» has not risen
over more than a decade (in fact it has cooled slightly).
Over the past three decades, changes in [CO2] have increased global average temperatures (approx. 0.2 °C decade − 1 [2]-RRB-, with much of the additional energy absorbed by the world's oceans causing a 0.8 °C rise in sea surface temperature over the past cent
Over the past three decades, changes in [CO2] have increased global
average temperatures (approx. 0.2 °C decade − 1 [2]-RRB-, with much of the additional energy absorbed by the world's oceans causing a 0.8 °C rise in
sea surface temperature over the past cent
over the past century.
Current
sea ice extent and meteorological conditions suggest a record low is unlikely, as
surface temperature over the central Arctic has been near normal in the last two months and forecasts of atmospheric
temperatures for the next few weeks indicate
average surface temperatures.
Global
average temperature The mean
surface temperature of the Earth measured from three main sources: satellites, monthly readings from a network of
over 3,000
surface temperature observation stations and
sea surface temperature measurements taken mainly from the fleet of merchant ships, naval ships and data buoys.
Ho added that the enhanced intensification of tropical cyclones
over East Asian coastal
seas caused by changes in
sea surface temperature and wind flows mean that «an individual tropical cyclone could strike East Asia, including the Philippines, with a record - breaking power, for example Haiyan, even though landfall intensity in south - east Asia has not notably changed on average in recent years because of the shifted genesis location; note that Haiyan formed over the eastern Philippine Sea far from land.&raq
sea surface temperature and wind flows mean that «an individual tropical cyclone could strike East Asia, including the Philippines, with a record - breaking power, for example Haiyan, even though landfall intensity in south - east Asia has not notably changed on
average in recent years because of the shifted genesis location; note that Haiyan formed
over the eastern Philippine
Sea far from land.&raq
Sea far from land.»
(Left)
Sea surface temperature averaged over the North Atlantic (75 - 7.5 W, 0 - 60N), in the HADGEM2 - ES model (ensemble mean red; standard deviation yellow) compared with observations (black), as discussed in Booth et al 2012.