These findings are consistent with evidence that the effects of climate change have increased
average surface temperatures around the world and shortened winter seasons.
Not exact matches
The results show that even though there has been a slowdown in the warming of the global
average temperatures on the
surface of Earth, the warming has continued strongly throughout the troposphere except for a very thin layer at
around 14 - 15 km above the
surface of Earth where it has warmed slightly less.
With an El Niño now under way — meaning warm
surface waters in the Pacific are releasing heat into the atmosphere — and predicted to intensify, it looks as if the global
average surface temperature could jump by
around 0.1 °C in just one year.
This year, the event will benefit from an unseasonably warm winter, with satellite data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrationplacing the
average water
surface temperature around Coney Island in December at about 48 degrees Fahrenheit (8.9 degrees Celsius).
Measurements released last week indicate that the comet's
average surface temperature is -70 °C,
around 20 to 30 °C warmer than predicted.
With an
average daily
temperature around -50 °C, the
surface of Mars is permanently frozen to a depth of a kilometre or more.
Global
average surface temperatures in 2015 are likely to reach what the WMO called the «symbolic and significant milestone» of 1.0 C above the pre-industrial 1880 - 1899 era, and
around 0.73 C above the 1961 - 1990
average.
The annually -
averaged temperature for ocean
surfaces around the world was 0.74 °C (1.33 °F) higher than the 20th century
average, easily breaking the previous record of 2014 by 0.11 °C (0.20 °F).
To put it simply, there's a coherent physical framework that can be applied to any rocky planet, be it Venus or Mars or Earth, or perhaps a SuperEarth (like Earth, 2X gravity, etc.)
around some remote star, which allows one to understand how its climate functions, and what the
average surface temperature should be.
[Response: They measure something different (MSU - TLT is a weighted
average of
temperatures reaching from the
surface to 10 km, peaking at
around ~ 4 km and with significant influence from
surface type depending on elevation and polar latitude).
What I find most interesting is that the models are not normally distributed in calculated
average surface temperature; there is a relatively tight cluster of models (22 data points)
around 14.7 + / - 0.15 C absolute
temperature and the rest spread out over 12.3 C to 14.1 C; perhaps the clustered models are based on common assumptions an / or strategies which lead to a relatively consistent calculated
average surface temperature.
Global
average surface temperatures in 2015 are likely to reach what the WMO called the «symbolic and significant milestone» of 1.0 C above the pre-industrial 1880 - 1899 era, and
around 0.73 C above the 1961 - 1990
average.
Back in 2009, by analysing the data, I found that the global
average sea
surface temperature, the SST, stays fairly constant when the Sun is
averaging around 40 sunspots per month.
However, I hope is is not to the area
averaged surface statistical models, in which case don't bother, as I consider these models to have become obsolete as
temperature estimates when the first satellites were launched
around 1978.
These satellites measure the
temperature of the lower troposphere and capture
average temperature changes
around 5 km above the
surface.
The Japan Meteorological Agency said sea
surface temperatures around Japan had been up by an
average of 1.07 degrees Celsius in the past 100 years, which is double the global
average warming rate.
For more than a decade international climate - policy discussions have revolved
around a seemingly simple goal: Limit the rise in
average global
surface temperature to two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit).
The Earth's
average surface temperature is estimated to have warmed 1.3 degrees Fahrenheit (0.7 degrees Celsius) since humans accelerated greenhouse gas emissions
around the time of the Industrial Revolution.
The WMO's preliminary estimate, based on data from January to October, shows that the global
average surface temperature for 2015 so far is
around 0.73 °C above the 1961 - 1990
average of 14 °C, and approximately 1 °C above the pre-industrial 1880 - 1899 period.
NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York, which monitors global
surface temperatures on an ongoing basis, released an updated analysis that shows
temperatures around the globe in 2011 compared to the
average global
temperature from the mid-20th century.
But the TLC reflection varies
around this
average with the underlying
surface temperature.
The slowdown or «hiatus» in warming refers to the period since 2001, when despite ongoing increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases, Earth's global
average surface air
temperature has remained more or less steady, warming by only
around 0.1 C.
This change is inconsistent with the change in
surface temperature: 15 coastal stations
around Antarctica recorded an
average warming of 0.028 degrees annually during 1959 - 88, i.e. three times the global
average.