Sentences with phrase «average thickness of»

Last winter the average thickness of sea ice over the whole Arctic fell by 26 cm (10 %) compared with the average thickness of the previous five winters, but sea ice in the western Arctic lost around 49 cm of thickness.

The research, reported in Geophysical Research Letters, showed that last winter the average thickness of sea ice over the whole Arctic fell by 26 cm (10 %) compared with the average thickness of the previous five winters, but sea ice in the western Arctic lost around 49 cm of thickness.

A dollar bill has an average thickness of 0.11 mm So a stack of 4 trillion dollar bills would reach 440,000 km, or more than the distance to the moon.

[Gallery: Vanishing Glaciers] «The average thickness of the Arctic sea ice cover is declining because it is rapidly losing its thick component, the multi-year ice.

A spokesperson claimed that between 630 - 6,300 gallons of oil leaked; our conservative estimate, based on the size of the slick and an assumed average thickness of 1 micron, show this to be at least 6,843 gallons.

The resulting 4.2 m loss in water equivalant thickness is significant, since North Cascade glaciers have an average thickness of 30 - 50 m.

The average thickness of the several points is taken to be the accumulation layer thickness at that location.

Still more striking, and significant, has been a severe decline in the average thickness of the ice pack, and thus of its volume (graph).

% due to eruption 9.5 % (assuming the average thickness of melted ice was 1 meter, and not allowing for any of the heat being lost to warming the 4 km thick sea water column, or air, or evaporation)

With an average thickness of 625 feet, the iceberg will contain 277 cubic miles of ice.

Results showed that the film had an average thickness of 90 nanometers.

Rising polar temperatures caused the average thickness of winter Arctic sea ice to decrease from about 12 feet to 6 feet between 1978 and 2008, and thinner ice melts more readily.

The presence of this rock at a site indicates either that material has pushed up through Earth's crust from the mantle (a silicate rocky shell between the crust and the core with an average thickness of 2,886 km and depths ranging from 30 km to almost 3,000 km below the crust) or that a celestial body (a comet, meteor or meteorite) fell there.

With a volume of more than 700,000 cubic miles and an average thickness of 4,000 feet, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) holds enough water to raise sea levels by 15 to 20 feet — and it is already sweating off 130 billion tons of ice per year.

Elsewhere on our planet, continental crust has an average thickness of about 24 miles.

• From 1976 to 1999 the average thickness of ice in the Arctic Ocean had dropped 43 percent.

The extinction at the end of the Permian is thought to have been caused by volcanic eruptions in Siberia over hundreds of thousands if not a million years that produced what are known today as the Siberian Traps: lava fields covering much of northern Russia and originally encompassing nearly 3 million square miles with an average thickness of about 1,000 feet.

There also appears to be a strong correlation between the area of multiyear ice and the spatially averaged thickness of the perennial ice pack, which suggests that the satellite - derived areal decreases represent substantial rather than only peripheral changes.

Not exact matches

Highlights of the oven include its ability to save up to 50 % on natural gas consumption on average, and also its capability to handle metal sheets of just 0.100 mm in thickness.

• Reinforced concrete wall with an overall thickness of 300 mm and an average height of 220 mm above ground and 80 mm below ground

This color shift is caused by the adsorption of water vapor in their hardened front wings, which alters the thickness and average refractive index of their multilayered scales.

A comparison in a special measuring device for thermal conductivity at an average temperature of 10 °C shows that the perlite - filled bricks with the same structure and thickness insulate by about a third less than the aerobrick.

Ice originating from the Arctic Ocean showed a mean thickness of more than three metres on average.

The absolute volume of Neandertal molar enamel is similar to that of modern humans, but Neandertal enamel is deposited over a larger volume of coronal dentine, resulting in lower average (and relative) enamel thickness values.

Mr. Darwin says, «A field manured with marl has been covered, in the course of 80 years, with a bed of earth averaging 13 inches in thickness.»»

We dig deep to learn more — at least a tenth of an inch (average thickness).

(B) Time - averaged steady - state sliding speed for three different cylinders as a function of the shear modulus of the coating, with thickness h = 600 μm, oil bath viscosity η = 1 Pa ⋅ s, and angle α = 11 °.

McArdle recommends you to measure skin thickness in exact seven locations where you can then enter the data to calculate your body fat percentage and lean weight, which is then compared to average of the general population.

The average battery life of the Fire HD 8 is 8 hours, while it has a thickness of 7.7 mm and a weight of 311 grams, which makes it one of the lighter 8 - inch tablets.

The thickness is 9.2 mm which is pretty average for 8 - inch Android tablets, with a weight of 390 gram, which is decent considering the large battery.

The minimum and maximum thickness measurements around the girdle; expressed as a percentage of average girdle diameter (GIA measures at valleys only).

So unless the perimeter of the Greenland ice sheet is the exact same thickness as the entire ice sheet (say 3 km on average), an area loss there, of 15 %, will produce a much smaller % volume loss, than say if this area loss were smack dab in the middle of the Greenland ice sheet.

[Response: The thickness of the greenland ice sheet is ~ 2000 m on average (don't quote me, that's a ballpark estimate).

(And the average age of all ice never got above single digits) Because most of the thickness increases come in the first couple of years, and most old ice is «old» because it is nearing the end of its natural cycle (where it thins to zero.)

The average thickness is usually still falling at this time of year (presumably because thin ice is being added) but it has not yet been calculated for this year.

Ice covered by the insulating material melted 60 percent less than exposed portions which lost an average of 5 feet in thickness during the test.

Having said that, it is a really small effect — if the entire Arctic summer sea ice pack melted (average thickness 2 metres, density ~ 920 kg / m3, area 3 × 10 ^ 6 km ^ 2 (0.8 % total ocean area) = > a 4.5 cm rise instantly which implies a global sea level rise of 0.36 mm.

(Right) Extents and thicknesses of the Greenland Ice Sheet and western Canadian and Iceland glaciers at their minimum extent during the last interglacial, shown as a multi-model average from three ice models.

[2] Ferenc M. Miskolczi, «The stable stationary value of the Earth's global average atmospheric greenhouse - gas optical thickness» E&E 21 (4): 243 - 262 (2010)

Again, how much is the clear - sky infra - red optical thickness of the global average atmosphere, according to your model?

You can not conclude from this method (contrary to Miskolczi) that the CLEAR SKY infrared tau has remained roughly constant over the last 60 years; he can not conclude what he is saying that the global average ALL SKY annual infrared optical thickness has been unchanged; and of course no one can conclude the opposite: this method proves nothing.

The 2010 Miskolczi paper says: «The NOAA 61 - year dataset is used to demonstrate that the global average annual infrared optical thickness of the atmosphere has been unchanged for 61 years, with a value of 1.87.»

-- 1.87 is the clear - sky, or the all - sky annual mean infrared optical thickness; — if clear - sky, how the cloudless cases were selected out from the radiosonde data set; — if it is the clear + cloudy (all - sky), how did he get it as global average value, when the cloud infrared optical depth is infinite (in half of the cases); — if 1.87 is for all - sky, how much is the clear - sky value (if he got it).

The scientists have measured average sea ice thickness to less than a meter in the area, and observed a late start of the freeze up period.

But the function we are interested in at the moment is the time function of Planck weighted global average optical thickness of atmosphere in the thermal IR and its trend over the last several decades.

For the first case it is easy to see that average optical thickness of the setup is 1.84.

Given the minimum ice extent is about 4 million km2 and 4000 km3 (an average of 1 meter thickness) the SMOS data is of limited value.

The melting is most pronounced for small glaciers at altitudes below 17,000 feet, he said, which have lost an average of 4.4 feet of ice thickness per year.

On page 16 here: https://curryja.files.wordpress.com/2014/10/sea-ice-physical-processes.pdf There is the «Annual cycle of net surface heat flux for various ice thicknesses» Roughly interpolating the no sea ice flux I got an average of — 310 Wm2 over the course of a year.

Starting with the April Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) volume distribution and the April National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) average ice extent the estimated extent loss for each 10 cm thickness of ice loss is calculated.