The top plot is the seasonal averages through 2009 plus the yearly average, and the bottom plot is
average winter sea ice cover through 2010.
Average winter sea ice volume over the period, weighted by a loss of ∼ 3000 km3 between 2007 and 2008, was ∼ 14,000 km3.
Not exact matches
The findings were not a total surprise, with future projections showing that even with moderate climate warming, air temperatures over the higher altitudes increase even more than at
sea level, and that, on
average, fewer
winter storm systems will impact the state.
Rising polar temperatures caused the
average thickness of
winter Arctic
sea ice to decrease from about 12 feet to 6 feet between 1978 and 2008, and thinner ice melts more readily.
These two competing effects cancel each other out, meaning little change in the
average temperature of European
winters as a consequence of
sea - ice loss».
The NSIDC announced on Monday that Arctic
sea ice hit its maximum extent for the
winter on March 24, when it
averaged 5.607 million square miles.
Current predictions [5], [6] suggest that trends in
sea ice extent will alter in the second half of this century and that the annual
average sea ice extent will diminish by 33 %; most of this retreat is expected to occur in
winter and spring [5], [6], with attendant risks for emperor penguins.
Surface air temperatures over the Barents and Kara
seas during
winter, compared to the 1979 - 2013
average.
With a typically Mediterranean climate of temperatures ranging from 15 C in
winter to 32 C in summer There are 300 days of the year with the sun shinning and the
average sea water temperature ranges from 13 C minimum in
winter to 26 C in summer.
The attractive island of Ibiza boasts an
average of 300 days of sunshine each year and enjoys a hot Mediterranean sun that is accompanied by cool, revitalizing
sea breezes, and the
winters are quite mild.
Surface air temperatures over the Barents and Kara
seas during
winter, compared to the 1979 - 2013
average.
On March 24, 2016, just four days after the end of astronomical
winter [6]-- which saw temperatures from 11 to 14 °F above
average in the central Arctic —
sea ice in the Arctic hit 5.607 million mi ² (14.52 million km ²), its lowest annual maximum since records began in 1979.
The resulting enhanced loss of summer and
winter sea ice resulted in feedbacks, associated with Arctic Amplification, which has raised Arctic air temperatures at a rate twice the global
average.
Actually the argument makes more sense applied to the arctic
sea ice — both in
winter and summer, since it is at a much higher
average latitude and therefore affects albedo much less.
Last
winter,
sea ice extent was on the low side, but the melting trajectory looks pretty
average for the decade of the 2000's.
a
Average sea ice concentration 1988 — 2007 for March (
winter maximum) and September (summer minimum)(Source: http://nsidc.org/).
So, Thoman says, the
sea - ice uptick is more of a statistical hiccup than a departure from this
winter's consistently below -
average Arctic
sea - ice cover, based on more than three decades of observations.
Those dangers are now being dramatically demonstrated around the globe: drought in the Marshall Islands in the Pacific, which has forced the government there to issue a state of emergency warning; France observed its warmest
winter since records began; while the
sea ice that has formed in the Arctic this
winter is about a million square kilometres less than its
average for this time of year.
There
sea ice was not reduced and surface temperatures
average 5 to 10 ° cooler, and the steep
winter warming trend was not observed.
Since the millenium, exceptionally strong storms have prevailed globally, oceans are covering once habitable islands, Beijing is suffocating, 100 year and 150 year floods are frequent, major aquifers have been depleted (the Salton
Sea is drying up), weather patterns have changed drastically,
winters in the S.E.states are definitely experiencing drastically warmer
averages (some areas only 10 - 14 nights of freezing temp vs. 1970 28 - 30 nights of freezing temp).
The bright white central mass shows the perennial
sea ice, which is just the multi-year ice that has survived at least one summer, while the larger light blue area shows the full extent of the
winter sea ice including the
average annual
sea ice during the 2012 months of November, December and January.
«Antarctic
sea ice shows no sign of summer retreat, and the current
winter's peak extent is well above
average.
The weather records that the team collated showed that
sea surface waters have warmed by an
average of 0.9 °C in the summer - and 2.3 °C at the height of the southern
winter, in August - since 1925.
Every year,
sea ice around it comes (in
winter) and goes (in summer), and over time tends to
average out.
Of the 15 million square kilometers (5.8 million square miles) of
sea ice that exist during
winter, on
average, 7 million square kilometers (2.7 million square miles) remain at the end of the summer melt season.
During boreal
winter (December 2016 to February 2017 - DJF) it was much warmer than
average throughout the Arctic, whereas in spring (March to May 2017 - MAM) the relative warmth was less widespread, with a region near the Greenland
Sea being particularly cold relative to the
average.
The thermometers out there (even the ones next to AC exhausts in the summer or heated buildings in the
winter) tell us that the «globally and annually
averaged land and
sea surface temperature» has not risen over more than a decade (in fact it has cooled slightly).
«The trend in
sea ice decline, lack of
winter recovery, early onset of spring melting, and warmer - than -
average temperatures suggest a system that is trapped in a loop of positive feedbacks, in which responses to inputs into the system cause it to shift even further away from normal.
9000000 km ^ 2 Arctic
sea ice melt spring — summer 1.8 e +13 m ^ 3 at a 2m
average thickness — this is generous — see http://psc.apl.washington.edu/ArcticSeaiceVolume/IceVolume.php 917 kg / m ^ 3 for ice 1.6506 e +16 kg / year 5.513004 e +21 joules 0.143 percent going into ice melt spring — summer; BUT, a roughly equal amount comes back out during the refreeze in the fall —
winter; and since it's floating, it doesn't effect
sea level.
The research, reported in Geophysical Research Letters, showed that last
winter the
average thickness of
sea ice over the whole Arctic fell by 26 cm (10 %) compared with the
average thickness of the previous five
winters, but
sea ice in the western Arctic lost around 49 cm of thickness.
Last
winter the
average thickness of
sea ice over the whole Arctic fell by 26 cm (10 %) compared with the
average thickness of the previous five
winters, but
sea ice in the western Arctic lost around 49 cm of thickness.
Looking at the year in terms of monthly
averages, the largest anomalies in
sea ice tend to occur during the
winter months, in contrast to values over the whole of the Arctic, where
winter ice is largely land - locked and the largest anomalies tend to occur in summer.
There is no evidence that slightly less
winter sea ice than the
average since 1979 has had any negative impact on polar bear health or survival: the difference is simply not biologically meaningful...