The
World Health Organization and Unicef estimated the
average maternal mortality ratios for 1990 as 27 per 100 000 live births
in the more
developed countries compared with 480 per 100 000 live births
in less
developed countries, with ratios as high as 1000 per 100 000 live births for eastern and western Africa.4 The WHO has estimated that almost 15 % of all
women develop complications serious enough to require rapid and skilled intervention if they are to survive without lifelong disabilities.5 This means that
women need access not only to trained midwives but also to medical services if complications arise.