On the relationship between global, hemispheric and latitudinal
averaged air surface temperature (GISS time series) and solar activity, Souza Echer et al, 10/2008; read more here.
Coinciding with the event, the Copernicus Climate Change Service released its latest monthly map on the earth's
average air surface temperature.
Not exact matches
Those Chick - fil - A waffle fries have a lot of
surfaces for the
air to cool them, yet somehow retain their heat a lot better than the typical sticks from the
average fast food joint.
Researchers discovered the likely mechanism behind petrichor only in 2015: A study in Nature Communications found that the
average raindrop hits a porous
surface with enough force to trap
air bubbles at point of impact.
Maps of median TAE
averaged across 23 model simulations for (a) and (b) mean
surface air temperature, (c) and (d) highest daily maximum temperature, (e) and (f) lowest daily minimum temperature, (g) and (h) total precipitation, and (i), (j) maximum 1 - d precipitation for (a), (c), (e), (g) and (i) June - August and (b), (d), (f), (h) and (j) December - February.
The study found that after the initial decrease of solar radiation in 2020, globally
averaged surface air temperature cooled by up to several tenths of a degree Celsius.
On
average, a penguin's body
surface temperature dropped as low as -23 °C, about 3 ° below
air temperature.
These shifts also have a profound effect on the
average global
surface air temperature of Earth.
On one hand, future Manhattanites may be on
average older and thus more vulnerable; on the other, New York is already a leader in efforts to mitigate warming, planting trees, making
surfaces such as roofs more reflective, and opening
air - conditioned centers where people can come to cool off.
Global warming, the phenomenon of increasing
average air temperatures near the
surface of Earth over...
Figure 1: Globally
averaged surface air temperature.
global warming The increase in Earth's
surface air temperatures, on
average, across the globe and over decades.
If we continue we'll soon get close to 560 [double the carbon dioxide concentration preceding the industrial revolution] or 2.3 (our estimate) to 3 (I.P.C.C.) degrees C. (4.1 - 5.4 degrees F.) global
average surface air warming.
Surface air temperatures over the Barents and Kara seas during winter, compared to the 1979 - 2013
average.
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On Geekbench 3, a synthetic benchmark that measures overall performance, the Note Pro 12.2 scored 2,595, well above the 1,830 category
average but below the Nvidia Tegra 4 - powered ASUS Transformer Pad TF701T (2,712), the A7 - powered Apple iPad
Air (2,694) and the Core i5 - powered Microsoft
Surface Pro 2 (5,138).
That's quite a bit better than the category
average (15,341) and the iPad
Air 2 (21,660) but well behind the
Surface Pro 3 (33,614) and the Transformer Book T300 Chi (42,356).
On Geekbench 3, a synthetic benchmark that measures overall performance, the
Surface 3 scored a solid 3,351, which is well above the tablet category
average (2,404) but lower than the Intel Core M 5Y10 - powered T300 Chi (4,319), the A8X - powered iPad
Air 2 (4,547) and the Core i5 - 4300U - powered
Surface Pro 3 (5,665).
Scoring 407 nits on our light meter, this Microsoft tablet is one of the brightest on the market, eclipsing the tablet category
average (341 nits), the iPad
Air 2 (368 nits) and the
Surface Pro 3 (298 nits).
That's 10 percent more than the tablet category
average (83.7) and a tad less than the
Surface Pro 3 (97 percent) and the iPad
Air 2 (100 percent), and way ahead of the Asus Transformer Book T300 Chi (70 percent).
That's less than both the Intel x7 - powered
Surface 3 (3,531) and the Apple A8X - powered iPad
Air 2 (4,547), but slightly better than the Samsung Exynos 5 - equipped Galaxy Tab S 10.5 (2,776) and the tablet
average of 2,413.
On
average, these
surfaces are 40 to 50 degrees higher than the
air temperature.
This was one of the motivations for our study out this week in Nature Climate Change (England et al., 2014) With the global -
average surface air temperature (SAT) more - or-less steady since 2001, scientists have been seeking to explain the climate mechanics of the slowdown in warming seen in the observations during 2001 - 2013.
From the abstract: «Despite ongoing increases in atmospheric greenhouse gases, the Earth's global
average surface air temperature has remained more or less steady since 2001.»
We have estimated that
air temperature near the
surface, globally
averaged, was 3 - 4 degrees C. (5 - 7 degrees F.) cooler than today.
As you will know, heat passes from a hotter to a cooler body; and on the
average, the
surface layers of the oceans are cooler than the
air above them (as anyone who has tried swimming in the North Sea on a sunny day in August will testify).
The net effect of these anomalous winds is a cooling in the 2012 global
average surface air temperature of 0.1 — 0.2 °C, which can account for much of the hiatus in
surface warming observed since 2001.
If we continue we'll soon get close to 560 [double the carbon dioxide concentration preceding the industrial revolution] or 2.3 (our estimate) to 3 (I.P.C.C.) degrees C. (4.1 - 5.4 degrees F.) global
average surface air warming.
Correcting this failure is, to my mind, about quantifying the climate impacts» damages in a scale which plainly does not relate geometrically to
average global
surface air temperature.
«We show that the climate over the 21st century can and likely will produce periods of a decade or two where the globally
averaged surface air temperature shows no trend or even slight cooling in the presence of longer - term warming,» the paper says, adding that, «It is easy to «cherry pick» a period to reinforce a point of view.»
Uncertainty in the Global
Average Surface Air Temperature Index: A Representative Lower Limit
Global
average air temperature near the
surface is dominated by the ocean (because it covers two thirds of the planet), particularly at low latitudes.
Sensor measurement uncertainty has never been fully considered in prior appraisals of global
average surface air temperature.
Average Earth
surface air temperature has risen about 1Â ° F since 1850.
To your point 3 the answer is yes — the ocean
surface is on
average warmer than the overlying
air, because the ocean absorbs a lot of heat from the sun, part of which it passes on to the
air above.
However their predictions are about much more than just the
average near -
surface air temperature, they are mainly focused on how heat mixes into the ocean and how that affects the rise in
surface temperature as CO2 is doubled over 100 years.
the differential cloud change (dcc) of each day is equal to daily
average cloud change (x), minus an
averaging period of three days which begins five days prior to each date,... «-RRB-, linked to a transient decrease in cosmic rays, is associated with a transient increase of
surface level
air temperature.
I think it's a mistake to refer to changes in global
average surface air temperatures as if they were definitive measures of the change to the climate system.
The effective emissivity from the
surface of the ocean above that little millimeter or two of
air gap is about 0.857, on
average, so the oceans would require a 2.18 instead of 5.35 as the multiplier resulting in 1.5Wm - 2 at the
surface.
In our analysis we use eight well - known datasets: 1) globally
averaged well - mixed marine boundary layer CO2 data, 2) HadCRUT3
surface air temperature data, 3) GISS
surface air temperature data, 4) NCDC
surface air temperature data, 5) HadSST2 sea
surface temperature data, 6) UAH lower troposphere temperature data series, 7) CDIAC data on release of anthropogene CO2, and 8) GWP data on volcanic eruptions.
Average projection of winter
surface air temperatures over central Asia (orange line) and the frequency of cold winters (orange bars) for the 21st century.
Surface air temperatures over the Barents and Kara seas during winter, compared to the 1979 - 2013
average.
The equilibrium climate sensitivity refers to the equilibrium change in
average global
surface air temperature following a unit change in the radiative forcing.
«Global annually
averaged surface air temperature has increased by about 1.8 °F (1.0 °C) over the last 115 years (1901 — 2016).
Blue line is a five year running
average of HadCRUT global
surface air temperature (Huang 2000).
Air temperatures at 925 millibar (about 3,000 ft above the
surface) were mostly above
average over the Arctic Ocean, with positive anomalies of 4 to 6º Celsius over the Chukchi and Bering seas on the Pacific side of the Arctic, and over the East Greenland Sea on the Atlantic side.
Most interesting is that the about monthly variations correlate with the lunar phases (peak on full moon) The Helsinki Background measurements 1935 The first background measurements in history; sampling data in vertical profile every 50 - 100m up to 1,5 km; 364 ppm underthe clouds and above Haldane measurements at the Scottish coast 370 ppmCO2 in winds from the sea; 355 ppm in
air from the land Wattenberg measurements in the southern Atlantic ocean 1925-1927 310 sampling stations along the latitudes of the southern Atlantic oceans and parts of the northern; measuring all oceanographic data and CO2 in
air over the sea; high ocean outgassing crossing the warm water currents north (> ~ 360 ppm) Buchs measurements in the northern Atlantic ocean 1932 - 1936 sampling CO2 over sea
surface in northern Atlantic Ocean up to the polar circle (Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Barents Sea); measuring also high CO2 near Spitsbergen (Spitsbergen current, North Cape current) 364 ppm and CO2 over sea crossing the Atlantic from Kopenhagen to Newyork and back (Brements on a swedish island Lundegards CO2 sampling on swedish island (Kattegatt) in summer from 1920 - 1926; rising CO2 concentration (+7 ppm) in the 20s; ~ 328 ppm yearly
average
Dataset Output Times and Time
Averaging: 3 - hourly for
surface and upper
air fields, Monthly means of selected variables
Springtime cold
air outbreaks (at least two consecutive days during which the daily
average surface air temperature is below 95 % of the simulated
average wintertime
surface air temperature) are projected to continue to occur throughout this century.19 As a result, increased productivity of some crops due to higher temperatures, longer growing seasons, and elevated CO2 concentrations could be offset by increased freeze damage.20 Heat waves during pollination of field crops such as corn and soybean also reduce yields (Figure 18.3).4 Wetter springs may reduce crop yields and profits, 21 especially if growers are forced to switch to late - planted, shorter - season varieties.
Global
average surface air temperature is one of the most well - recognized metrics of contemporary climate change — hence the term «global warming».