Sentences with phrase «averages by late century»

If global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise at the same pace that they did in the first decade of this century, ski resorts could see half as many sub-freezing days compared to historical averages by late century.

Not exact matches

The height of exploration may have occurred at the peak of cooling: Starting in the late 16th century, a series of volcanic eruptions likely chilled the Northern Hemisphere by as much as 1.8 degrees Celsius below the long - term average, White says.

The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1.0 degree Celsius) since the late - 19th century, a change largely driven by increased carbon dioxide and other human - made emissions into the atmosphere.

Figure 9.4: The maps show projected increases in the average temperature on the hottest days by late this century (2081 - 2100) relative to 1986 - 2005 under a scenario that assumes a rapid reduction in heat - trapping gases (RCP 2.6) and a scenario that assumes continued increases in these gases (RCP 8.5).

Moderate reductions in emissions of heat - trapping gases — sufficient to stop global emissions growth by 2040 and bring emissions down to half their current levels by the 2070s — can avoid those paralyzing extremes and limit the expected late - century experience of the average American to about 18 dangerously humid days a year.

In the foreword, Milken Institute chairman Michael Milken passes along the opinion by the late Nobel laureate Robert Fogel (of the University of Chicago) that «average life spans in the developed world will easily exceed 100 within the current century.»

Specimens of elkhorn coral living in water with excess carbon dioxide have been studied for fertilization rates, ability of larvae to settle on reef substrate (where they produce new corals), and subsequent growth and survival.3 Three levels of carbon dioxide were tested, corresponding to concentrations today, at mid-century, and at the end of the century on a high - emissions path.3, 5 At the mid-century concentration, the ability of fertilization to occur and for larvae to settle successfully on the reef was significantly reduced: around 52 percent, and the decline intensified to about 73 percent at the late - century concentration.3 The corals» ability to survive over the long run declined as well, by an average of 39 percent and 50 percent respectively.3, 4

Because of global warming due to increasing greenhouse gases, the maps from the late 1800s and the early 1900s are dominated by shades of blue, indicating temperatures were up to 3 °C (5.4 °F) cooler than the twentieth - century average.

Springtime cold air outbreaks (at least two consecutive days during which the daily average surface air temperature is below 95 % of the simulated average wintertime surface air temperature) are projected to continue to occur throughout this century.19 As a result, increased productivity of some crops due to higher temperatures, longer growing seasons, and elevated CO2 concentrations could be offset by increased freeze damage.20 Heat waves during pollination of field crops such as corn and soybean also reduce yields (Figure 18.3).4 Wetter springs may reduce crop yields and profits, 21 especially if growers are forced to switch to late - planted, shorter - season varieties.

For corn, small long - term average temperature increases will shorten the duration of reproductive development, leading to yield declines, 4 even when offset by carbon dioxide (CO2) stimulation.5, 6 For soybeans, yields have a two in three chance of increasing early in this century due to CO2 fertilization, but these increases are projected to be offset later in the century by higher temperature stress7 (see Figure 18.2 for projections of increases in the frost - free season length and the number of summer days with temperatures over 95 °F).

Model projections for precipitation changes are less certain than those for temperature.12, 2 Under a higher emissions scenario (A2), global climate models (GCMs) project average winter and spring precipitation by late this century (2071 - 2099) to increase 10 % to 20 % relative to 1971 - 2000, while changes in summer and fall are not expected to be larger than natural variations.

Figure 9.4: The maps show projected increases in the average temperature on the hottest days by late this century (2081 - 2100) relative to 1986 - 2005 under a scenario that assumes a rapid reduction in heat - trapping gases (RCP 2.6) and a scenario that assumes continued increases in these gases (RCP 8.5).

Under a more moderate emissions scenario, the county can expect nearly 20 weeks of cold temperatures each year, on average, by late century.

The average annual number of sub-freezing days shifts from 244 to 160 by late century, a 35 % decline, under high emissions.

The average annual amount of cold days under a moderate emissions scenario by late century is 230.

Under a high emissions scenario, Blaine County can expect a 40 % decline in the number of days at or below freezing by late century, falling from a historical annual average of more than 200 days to about 120.

The county can expect an average of 15 weeks per year at or below freezing by late century under a high emissions scenario, compared to about 23 weeks of those temperatures from 1981 to 2010.

The name «Nevada» is Spanish for «snow - capped,» but winter temperatures in the county are projected to average just shy of 50oF by late century under a high emissions scenario, which could leave mountainous areas like Donner Summit covered in brown, not white.

By the late 21st century, climate models project that sea level will rise up to a foot higher than the global average along the northeast US coastline, resulting in a dramatic increase in regional coastal flood risk.

An average of 194 days each year between 1981 and 2010 were at or below freezing, but that figure could be cut in half by late century if emissions continue to rise.

As represented by the 30 - year global average shifts, the first span of global warming (consisting of the first 4 shifts up) was very lengthy, reaching all the way into the 1970's - this long span being primarily well before the gargantuan consumer / industrial CO2 emissions from the late 20th century of the modern era.

The average temperature in the first six months of 2016 was 1.3 C warmer than the pre-industrial era in the late 19th century, according to Nasa — remarkably close to the 1.5 C target agreed by the world's governments at the Paris climate talks to attempt to stave off the worst effects of climate change.

They estimate that an average of 3 - 4 storms a year were being missed in the late 19th century, and that even by 1950s and 1960s, probably 2 - 3 storms a decade were going undetected because of incomplete monitoring.

«Climate science» as it is used by warmists implies adherence to a set of beliefs: (1) Increasing greenhouse gas concentrations will warm the Earth's surface and atmosphere; (2) Human production of CO2 is producing significant increases in CO2 concentration; (3) The rate of rise of temperature in the 20th and 21st centuries is unprecedented compared to the rates of change of temperature in the previous two millennia and this can only be due to rising greenhouse gas concentrations; (4) The climate of the 19th century was ideal and may be taken as a standard to compare against any current climate; (5) global climate models, while still not perfect, are good enough to indicate that continued use of fossil fuels at projected rates in the 21st century will cause the CO2 concentration to rise to a high level by 2100 (possibly 700 to 900 ppm); (6) The global average temperature under this condition will rise more than 3 °C from the late 19th century ideal; (7) The negative impact on humanity of such a rise will be enormous; (8) The only alternative to such a disaster is to immediately and sharply reduce CO2 emissions (reducing emissions in 2050 by 80 % compared to today's rate) and continue further reductions after 2050; (9) Even with such draconian CO2 reductions, the CO2 concentration is likely to reach at least 450 to 500 ppm by 2100 resulting in significant damage to humanity; (10) Such reductions in CO2 emissions are technically feasible and economically affordable while providing adequate energy to a growing world population that is increasingly industrializing.

In fact, a reasonable value for the average energy change by late this century is about those four watts.

By late this century, models on average project a slight decrease in the number of tropical cyclones each year, but an increase in the number of the strongest (Category 4 and 5) hurricanes and greater rainfall rates in hurricanes (increases of about 20 percent averaged near the center of hurricanes).

In testimony before the US Senate in 2003, he stated: It is the consensus of the climate research community that the anomalous warmth of the late 20th century can not be explained by natural factors, but instead indicates significant anthropogenic, that is human influences... More than a dozen independent research groups have now reconstructed the average temperature of the northern hemisphere in past centuries... The proxy reconstructions, taking into account these uncertainties, indicate that the warming of the northern hemisphere during the late 20th century... is unprecedented over at least the past millennium and it now appears based on peer - reviewed research, probably the past two millennia.

Since the late 19th century, sea level has risen by more than 2 millimeters per year on average, the steepest rate for more than 2,100 years.

The planet's average surface temperature has risen about 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (1.0 degree Celsius) since the late - 19th century, a change largely driven by increased carbon dioxide and other human - made emissions into the atmosphere.