The word
"aversive" means something that is unpleasant or causes discomfort or dislike.
Full definition
Recent research has shown that the use
of aversive training methods can increase aggressive behavior from dogs.
Using aversive stimuli to reduce behaviors, such as barking, lunging and growling may suppress signals that warn of a more serious, and potentially imminent behavior, such as biting.
When people train with
aversive methods instead, dogs are missing out on these opportunities.
We establish a circuit for the processing of
aversive stimuli in the context of an innate visual behavior.
Any use of
aversive techniques such as spraying your cat with water or getting cross and stalking it around the house is only going to make things worse and may cause further problems, so seek help from your vet as soon as possible.
Also examined in detail is the role of
aversive events as determinants of antisocial behavior.
In this framework, the BLA may be more involved in active responses in the form of guidance or gating of behavior, whereas the CeA / BNST is involved
in aversive conditioning and reflexive responding through its descending connections to the PAG (3, 6).
While our trainer knows it, many of our men could advocate that aggression leads to more aggression, and that wielding force, fear, coercion, impulsive tendencies and other
aversive behaviors is what yielded this negative consequence.
There is never a need
for aversive control with a companion pet.
Most important, in research with somewhat older children, mothers who provide more emotionally expressive and explanatory narratives of
aversive experiences with their 8 - to 12 - year - old children have children who display better coping skills, and fewer internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (Fivush & Sales, 2006; Sales & Fivush, 2005).
This traumatizes young dogs which they will exhibit
as aversive behavior related to bathing when they grow older.
Nevertheless, a 1989 study found that some exceptionally loud units elicited
aversive reactions in 13 of 14 dogs tested.
If your dog uses the shed or stack of firewood, coat these with cayenne pepper, bitter apple, or
other aversive substances dogs dislike.
Modern dog training science means tackling even serious issues like separation anxiety without traditional
aversive approaches — a great advancement for dogs and dog lovers.
Again, even before going for
aversive dog training techniques, do understand that studies show treating our dogs with aggression ultimately results in an aggressive dog.
From a personal view I advocate positive reinforcement in dog training - but I will admit that the use of punishment
by aversive methods is sadly so much easier for us humans!
But you will confound your senses if you mix a formerly
aversive taste with an appetitive one.
Some trainers use
aversive collars to train «difficult» dogs with correction or punishment.
Contrary to predictions, the secure attachment prime did not appear to buffer paranoid thinking and had a negative impact for participants with high levels of attachment anxiety, highlighting the potentially
aversive effects of exposure to secure attachment material in those with existing insecure attachment styles.
Importantly, MBSR may be related to greater ability to disengage attention
from aversive emotional stimuli (Lutz et al., 2008); thereby reducing emotional reactivity and enhancing the ability to implement emotion regulation strategies.
He suggested that persons
without aversive background events tend toward an optimistic approach to evaluating their vulnerability to negative life events.
Other options include
aversive odors (perfume, deodorant soap, citrus oil) or booby traps (motion activated alarms or a stack of plastic cups set to topple when the cat enters the area or scratches).
Voices that take a clear stand against pain - based collar devices and the crude manner in which positive punishment and
aversive control methods are often used in dog training deserve to be heard in public forums.
There is simply no place for shock, prong, choke or any other
aversive devices in companion animal research or training.
Use positive associations with
aversive situations to change how your pet perceives the experience.
For them, blood is not something
aversive at all — it is the stuff of life.
Fortunately, there is now ample evidence to prove that
aversive free training is effective.
If the spraying is a response to cats outside you should cover the windows or put something slightly
aversive on the windowsill like a lemon - scented solid deodorizer.
Hippocampal and cortical primary cilia are required for
aversive memory in mice.
In addition, no difference was seen in the active versus the control group in their response to sexual and
aversive cues, indicating that the effects of baclofen on cue - induced brain activation were specific to drug cues.
It is not our intention to credit or discredit dog trainers who use
more aversive training techniques than those emphasized in the Dog Trainer Program.
The pain of disconnection is often
so aversive to us that we automatically stay away from having certain conversations and sharing certain parts of us, if we believe they will trigger this pain.
Alienation as a result of too much
aversive learning about what not to do and what not to say is often the main reason couples end up coming to couples therapy.
Live with or manage the behavior; use negative punishment (remove something from the dog's experience that he wants, like your attention); negative reinforcement (remove
something aversive from the dog's experience); extinction (cause behavior to die out by not reinforcing it); or consult with another professional.
I think it's important to note that the author here claims to be very pro-positive training (as am I), but also willing to use
aversives if that is the only way the dog responds (and sometimes it is).
Foreign languages are often learned later in life in classrooms, and may not activate feelings, including
aversive feelings, as strongly.
Avoid aversive events because those may have lifelong effects on anxiety, fear, reactivity, and aggressiveness.
Furthermore, it is evident that high CU traits are associated with a
less aversive way to interpret neutral and negative stimuli [32].
Proven to be highly effective in reaching dogs, their reward - based style of training does not
include aversive tools or harsh corrections.
While there are times
when aversives are absolutely necessary, we do not believe that the use of them in teaching new behaviors is necessary.