Investigators found four other incidents in the past decade when deadly pathogens were mishandled, including an event in March when a sample of
the avian flu strain H5N1 was contaminated with a more lethal strain and accidentally shipped to a USDA lab without proper protections.
A study published last March shows that
avian flu strains can infect cells lining the human respiratory system, but they seem to have difficulty replicating.
To spread effectively from human to human,
avian flu strains would have to adapt to nonciliated cells.
Image courtesy of Vmenkov / Wikimedia Commons After public outcry against research into
avian flu strains that can be transmitted among mammals, 40 of the top scientists working on the influenza strains signed a voluntary moratorium on research last January.
Some are talking about the potential of a gene swap between the pig and
avian flu strains.
The United States's move came amid long - running concerns about GOF studies involving highly pathogenic
avian flu strains such as H5N1.
Authorities have culled more than 175,000 birds this winter to stamp out local outbreaks of H7N9 and other
avian flu strains.
Human flu strains can infect both kinds of cells, but
avian flu strains can bind to and infect only the ciliated kind, which are similar to cells in the airway and the gut of birds.
A key fear has been that this will happen naturally, in
avian flu strains that already circulate in the wild.
Not exact matches
Government chief vet declares «prevention zone» for England as highly infectious
strain of
avian flu hits Europe
The risk to the public from the outbreak of the deadly H5N1
strain of
avian bird
flu in Suffolk is «negligible», environment secretary David Miliband has insisted.
Gordon Brown's reassurance came after three mute swans in Devon were found dead from the highly pathogenic H5N1
strain of
avian flu.
Another scenario envisioned by scientists has
avian and mammalian
flu strains mixing in some other species, perhaps pigs.
A virulent
strain of
avian flu, H5N1, first turned up in China in 1997 and reemerged in Southeast Asian nations in 2004.
But unlike the pandemic
strains of 1957 and 1968, which appear to have resulted from the direct mixing of
avian and human
flu strains, the 1918
strain doesn't seem to have jumped directly from birds to humans.
The markets of Guangdong are also the source of H5N1, a
strain of killer
avian flu that first jumped from animals to people in 1997 and then reemerged last year.
As controversy rages around the scientists who created mutant
strains of the H5N1
avian influenza virus, leading
flu researchers have called for a 60 - day voluntary pause on such work.
The 2009 H1N1
strain, which killed more than 4,000 people worldwide, incorporated pieces of
avian, human and swine
flu subtypes through reassortment.
A
strain of bird
flu that has sickened 132 people and killed 37 in China this year may have more potential to spread worldwide than the dreaded H5N1
avian influenza does.
Pandemic
flu continues to threaten public health, especially in the wake of the recent emergence of an H7N9 low pathogenic
avian influenza
strain in humans.
A triple reassortment
strain of an H1N2 virus, with genes from
avian, swine and human
flu, has been shown to jump easily via air to mammals
Genetic analysis shows that the virus is a mix of
avian and swine viruses from North America, a swine
flu strain usually seen in Asia, and a human influenza
strain.
One study found that the 1918
flu probably wasn't a direct mix of bird and human
flu strains, as was long suspected, but may instead have been
avian flu that managed to adapt to humans over time.
The study found that the federally funded vaccine, made by the French drug firm Sanofi - Aventis, is safe and capable of producing antibodies to ward off the current
strain of
avian flu.
A proactive infection prevention plan implemented widely in a Hong Kong healthcare system was a significant factor preventing the spread of influenza
strain A H7N9, otherwise known as
Avian flu.
One particular
strain of H5N1, called highly pathogenic
avian influenza (HPAI), is responsible for the «bird
flu» scares.
The letter states that the pause potentially applies to six projects that range from studying the ecology of
avian flu in live bird markets in Colombia to looking at drug - resistance mutations in seasonal influenza
strains.
It was sparked by ongoing worries about experiments in which researchers modify H5N1 bird
flu and other deadly
avian strains to learn what mutations might help them to spread among humans.
The agency also pledged to immediately release newly generated
flu sequence information from now on — including data on the dangerous H5N1
avian influenza
strain, should it arrive in the United States.
So far, the killer virus looks like a run - of - the - mill swine
flu, not an
avian virus as some virologists had suspected — leaving scientists to wonder why the
strain was so deadly.
It has become almost common wisdom that the virus that caused the 1918
flu pandemic was an
avian strain introduced into the human population shortly before the pandemic erupted.
All subtypes (but not all
strains of all subtypes) of Influenza A virus are adapted to birds, which is why for many purposes
avian flu virus is the Influenza A virus (note that the «A» does not stand for «
avian»).
The finding is exciting «because it suggests that the seasonal
flu vaccine boosts antibody responses and may provide some measure of protection against a new pandemic
strain that could emerge from the
avian population,» said senior study author Paul G. Thomas, PhD, an Associate Member in the Department of Immunology at St. Jude.
This genetic mixing can occur when a person is infected by both
avian flu and a human
flu strain at the same time, in the same cell.
State officials report several geese have tested positive for a lethal
strain of
avian flu, making Michigan the 21st state to confirm a case of the disease
The accusation that Capua and others set off a human epidemic made no sense, she said, because one mild
flu case does not constitute an epidemic; moreover, the
avian virus she allegedly spread was a different
strain than the one that killed the birds in Italy.
The first is when
avian and human
flu strains combine genes, or reassort.
The specter of the 1918 Spanish
flu — which may have started in the United States, not Spain, and killed about 20 million to 50 million people worldwide — has prompted public - health authorities to predict that we are unprepared to deal with a pandemic based on a highly pathogenic new
strain of the H5N1
avian flu.
The human influenza virus H1N1 that caused the 2009
flu pandemic, and H9N2, an
avian influenza virus that is endemic in bird populations in Asia, are close cousins — close enough that they can swap genes if they find themselves in the same cell, resulting in new viruses that are a patchwork of the parent
strains.
The
flu incident occurred in March when a sample of a relatively benign
avian flu was accidentally contaminated with a deadly influenza
strain at a CDC lab before being sent out.
The results might help scientists devise a universal
flu vaccine or treatments that quash numerous
flu strains, including the dreaded
avian flu.
Microbiologist Peter Palese from Mount Sinai Medical School in New York City led the second team, which added the
avian flu H7, another hemagglutinin subtype, to a weakened
strain of the Newcastle vaccine.
That means that an antibody that recognizes this region alone could protect against a variety of
flu strains, possibly including the one that causes
avian flu, the researchers conclude.
But scientists predict that the
avian -
flu virus could someday give rise to a fast - spreading
strain against which people would have less immunity than they do to a typical winter
flu.
Ahmedâ $ ™ s team had showed that people infected by the 2009 H1N1
flu strain developed broadly protective antibodies, and separately, so did volunteers immunized against the H5N1
avian flu virus.
This
strain is different from the one first seen in Florida in 2004, having adapted from an
avian flu, rather than one that infects horses.
It is thought that the
strain came from Asia, possibly originating as an
avian flu that was transferred to a dog.
H3N2, on the other hand, is believed to have mutated from a
strain of
avian flu in Asia.
This
strain appears to be an
avian influenza cross over from birds, whereas the H3N8
strain was a cross over from the horse
flu.
At a quarantine center in Queens for cats exposed to a rare
strain of
avian flu, workers must wear full protective gear at all times, even playtime.